Mgmt591 Project Proposal - 1336 Words

How can Perceptions and Attributions Of Certain Roles in the Organization Be Controlled Within Organizational Change? Christine Freese 4020 Derby Drive, Cumming, GA 30040 cfreese@ariba.com 770-402-6287 MGMT591- Leadership and Organizational Behavior Joseph Walkowicz September 29, 2013 * Introduction a) The organization discussed in this research paper is Ariba, Inc (an SAP Company). Ariba is a software and information technology services company located in Sunnyvale, California. It was acquired by German software maker SAP AG in 2012. Ariba provides Spend Management solutions which help companies analyze, understand, and manage their corporate spending to achieve cost savings and business process efficiency.†¦show more content†¦Culture is resistant to change because many of the cultural control mechanism become internalized in the minds of organizational members, that is, what makes culture such strong control mechanism. Changing culture often means that members have to change their entire social identify. Sometimes the statuses of various roles or identities change causing even more resistance on the part of high status role holders. g) Schermerhorn, John R.. Organizational Behavior, 12th Edition. John Wiley amp; Sons, 11/2011. Chapter 4 iii) What is perception and why is it important? (11) Individuals use the perception process to select, organize, interpret, and retrieve information from the world around them. (12) Perception acts as a filter through which all communication passes as it travels from one person to the next. iv) What are the common perceptual distortions? (1) Halo effects (2) Selective perception (3) Projection (4) Contrast. ii) What is the link between perception, attribution, and social learning? (1) Attribution theory (2) Three factors that influence the attribution of external or internal causation are distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency. (3) Fundamental attribution

Are They Safe For The Environment And Human Consumption

Are they safe for the environment and human consumption? A genetically modified crop is a plant whose D.N.A has been altered through genetic en-gineering methods in order to introduce a new trait to a plant species not already in the plants original building block. (GMO) is bad for the environment and puts human health at risk. Introduction Due to climate change and overpopulation foods have been introduce into the global marketplace that has been genetically modified by altering the plants original D.N.A to make the plant more drought resistance, pest resistance or give it added nutritional benefits. This action creates food for human consumption that in is bad for the environment and puts human health at risk. Some familiar genetically modified foods that we consume daily have been in use for years they are corn, soybean, and potatoes. As researchers look for ways to continue the world’s food supply in the United States and around the world due to population growth, and unpredictable weather patterns, researcher are hoping genetically modified foods will be the solu-tion to the demands of food shortages now and generations to come. Two of the main organism used in genetic modification is Escherichia Coli and Agrobacterium Tumefaciens (Nigel, 2011, p. 26), these bacterium have been known to infect a wounded plants in nature and cause the disease known as Crown Gall produces an unusual sugars, and amino acid derivative that are known as opines (Nigel, 2011, p. 27). TheShow MoreRelatedGmos Are Not Safe For Human Consumption1433 Words   |  6 Pagesto the topic of weather genetic modifications are safe or unsafe for animals, the environment and for human consumption, some of us will readily agree that they are in fact very dangerous for everyone. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of how exactly they affect everyone. Whereas some are convinced that GMOs are not safe for any one, others maintain that they are not a hazard to anyone. I agree that GMOs are not safe because while doing my research I found concrete evidenceRead MoreGmos Are Not Safe For Human Consumption1555 Words   |  7 Pagesto the topic of whether genetic modification are safe or unsafe for the animals, the environment and for human consumption, some of us will readily agree that they are in fact very dangerous for everyone. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of how exactly they affect everyone. Whereas some are convinced that GMOs are not safe for anyone, others maintain that they are not a hazard to anyone. I agree that GMOs are not safe because while doing my research I found concreteRead MoreGmos Should Be Avoided?1183 Words   |   5 Pages(GM) food in the human body. There are more inner problems that a person can encounter by eating GM food. However, it does not end there. GM food can also cause problems for the environment. GM crops are a threat to birds, herbicides, insects, and even to water. GM food can be harmful to the human body and to the environment. Therefore, the U.S. should limit its use, and find some solutions. Today, America is facing a severe matter regarding the consumption of GM food. The human body is at a highRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1224 Words   |  5 Pagesthat GMOs are harmful and wholeheartedly supports their consumption; however, contrary to Lynas’ beliefs, genetically modified organisms have caused an increase in agrichemicals and are potentially dangerous for human consumption. First, there is much evidence to support that GMOs are harmful to the environment because they cause an increase of agrichemicals farmers spray on their crops. In regards to the effect of GMOs on the environment, Lynas said â€Å"†¦it turns out that there have actually beenRead MoreEssay Is Your Food Safe?1385 Words   |  6 Pagesstandards require companies to list everything that goes into the package and ensure the ingredients are safe for human consumption. However, what if food producers were unaware ingredients of their food products were not intended for human consumption? How can food producers be assured they are producing a safe product? How can consumers really know what food they are consuming contains and if it is safe? Although, American consumers may prefer not to consume genetically modified (GM) foods, theRead MoreShould Humans Consume Insects As An Alternate Source Of Food? Essay1623 Words   |  7 PagesShould Humans Consume Insects as an Alternate Source of Food? Intro Cultivating animals and crops takes countless amount of hours and use an abundance of resources; furthermore, it produces waste that can be harmful to the environment. The human population is increasing at an ever increasing rate and scientists all over the world are trying to solve a global issue. It is estimated by the UN that the population will hit 9.7 billion by 2050; undoubtedly, these inefficient and wasteful processes willRead MoreWater And Its Effects On Human Activities1358 Words   |  6 Pagessustains environment and gives support to the livelihood. It is good to note that availability of fresh water plays a big role in improving the quality of human life and overall progress of mankind in various spheres of life that are significantly dependent on it. In addition, water promotes equality between nations and also between the rich and poor within the same country. Access to fresh water improves human behaviour which also involves various ways on which we adopt to the en vironment. WaterRead MoreAmerican Consumption And Its Effects On The Environment1730 Words   |  7 Pagesthe environment. The depletion of resources and supposedly safe methods of recycling or burying waste are not working. Many engineers and the US EPA acknowledge that the landfills will leak eventually and pollute groundwater (Sheehan). Eliminating forests and other sources are leaving a very fragile eco system. The more humans contribute to global warming; the more natural disasters will be seen. American consumption and lack of reducing and reusing every item not only affects the environment negativelyRead MoreSkills For A World s Arid Areas And Their Feasibility1521 Words   |  7 PagesKaplan ID: 47513 Module Code: FC5022 Module Title: Skills for Study 2 1.0 INTRODUCTION Life on the earth is largely shaped by the availability and access to clean and safe water. Indeed, water is an essential component in the industrial, agricultural, transport, among other economic and social sectors. However, a research done by UNICEF(2012) states that â€Å"Over 780 million people are still without access to improved sources of drinking water and 2.5 billion lack improved sanitation.â€Å" The majorityRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos )1236 Words   |  5 Pagespresence of GM foods in the market, consumers are beginning to ask more questions about the health effects of these foods. Proponents of GMOs assert that foods produced from GMOs are as safe as the non-modified counterparts. After reviewing the evidence, however, I strongly suspect that the consumption of GM foods puts consumers at risk. To start off, the safety of GM foods has become more questionable over time, as an increasing number of studies associate the ingestion of such food with various

Usefulness Of Different Sociological Approaches To Suicide Free Essays

Durkheim wrote in the 1890s and was one of the first sociologists right at the forefront of establishing and defining sociology as a scientific discipline. Durkheim argued that it was not only possible to apply scientific principles to social phenomena but that it was essential to do so in order to produce useful sociology. His 1897 book suicide: a study in sociology uses his scientific methods to explore suicide. We will write a custom essay sample on Usefulness Of Different Sociological Approaches To Suicide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Durkheim chooses suicide deliberately, because as the most individual, private and psychologically driven act it was considered by most not to be a social phenomenon. If sociology could identify social factors and causes of suicide, this would demonstrate the power and impact of society on individual behaviour. So in Durkheim’s view he believes our behaviour is caused by social facts and they are said to be external from the individual, constrain individuals and be greater than the individuals. After Durkheim’s analysis of official statistics on suicide it revealed some social groups are more likely to commit suicide than others. For Durkheim, the social patterns of suicide he discovered is not a random individual act but as stated by Luke’s social factors play a key role. Durkheim’s work showed a correlation between suicide and social facts like suicide rates were higher in predominantly protestant countries than in catholic ones, Jews were the religious group with the lowest suicide rate, married people were less likely to commit suicide and those with higher education had a higher suicide rate. Durkheim said different forms of suicide related to how much integration and regulation there was in society and this would provide us with a fourfold typology. The term social integration means socialisation into the norms, values and lifestyles of social groups and society. Regulation meaning the control that society and social groups has over an individual’s behaviour. With these two factors Durkheim brings upon egoistic suicide not enough integration. The individual isn’t successfully integrated into groups or society, anomic not enough regulation society has insufficient control over individuals, altruistic too much integration an over integrated individual sacrifices their life for the group and fatalistic too much regulation the individual is too highly controlled by society. Durkheim’s work can also be applied into type of society. As Durkheim states modern societies and traditional society differ from one and other in their levels of integration and regulation. Durkheim discovers that modern industrial societies have lower levels of integration due to lack of freedom this weakens bonds and give rise to egoistic suicide. Whilst, traditional pre-industrial societies have higher levels of integration as the group is more important than the individual and this gives rise to altruistic suicide. Durkheim has been criticised by other positivist sociologist. Halbwachs largely supported Durkheim’s conclusion but pointed out that the impact of rural versus urban lifestyles on suicide rates hadn’t been considered. Also, Gibbs and Martin argued that Durkheim hadn’t used vigorous enough scientific methods even though he’d stressed how important they were. The key concepts of integration and regulation weren’t defined closely enough to be measured statistically. Gibbs and Martin query how anyone can know how anyone can know what â€Å"normal† levels of integration and regulation are. Interpretivist sociologists have devised alternative theories of suicide they say social reality is not a series of social facts for sociologists to discover, but a series of different meanings and interpretations that each person brings to and takes from each situation. Durkheim’s work is fatally flawed from this perspective because he relies on the unquestioning use of official statistics. According to interpretivists, statistics are not fact they are a social construction based on the definition of the people who compile them. Douglas takes an Interactionist approach to suicide and he is interested in the meaning that suicide has for the deceased, and the way that coroners label death as suicides. He criticises Durkheim’s study of suicide on two main grounds. One of them being the use of suicide statistics because the decision to classify death as a suicide is taken by a coroner and this may produce bias in verdicts reached. So Douglas feels these are the patterns Durkheim found and that well integrated have friends and relatives who may deny death and this explains their low level of suicide. So Durkheim indicates that suicide verdicts and statistics are based on interactions and negotiations between those involved like friends, doctors and police as they may affect death being labelled as a suicide, rather than it actually being one. That’s why people feel integration plays no dividends. Douglas second point criticises Durkheim for ignoring the meanings of the act for those who kill themselves and for assuming that suicide has a fixed or constant meaning. Douglas backs this up as he notes the cultural differences by Japanese samurai warrior who kill themselves because they have been dishonoured by western society. Douglas also states that we need to categorise suicides according to their social meanings because the triggers and response to suicide are different in different cultures. These social meanings consist of transformation of the soul, transformation of the self, achieving sympathy and achieving revenge. Douglas can be criticised, as he is inconsistent, sometimes suggesting that official statistics are merely the product of coroner’s opinions. At other times, he claims we really can discover the cause of suicide-yet how can we, if we can never know whether a death was a suicide and all we have is coroners opinions? Douglas also produces a classification of suicide based on the supposed meanings for the actors. However, there is no reason to believe that sociologists are any better than coroners at interpreting dead person’s meanings. How to cite Usefulness Of Different Sociological Approaches To Suicide, Papers

Similarity Difference Corporate University â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Similarity Difference Corporate University? Answer: Introduction ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), it is a process through which an organization could be moved towards the automated process. In the modern world, every business enterprise irrespective of its size have adopted the technique of Enterprise Resource Planning to develop the transparency in the organizational process as well as it will also help the organization in achievement of the organizational goals and the objectives. Under this process, a set of advanced software is included such as an internal communication process, advanced accounting software for recording the financial transactions adequately as well as to get the error-free results. Generally, this process is practiced in the administration department of the organization and it also helps the management to resolve the various big concerns. Employees details could also be gathered from this procedure and it will be the only system for the organization as it will be a mixture of unique software on the basis of unique needs of organization. Under this report, system of enterprise resource planning will be discussed in order to analyse the requirement of the process and to attain that requirement with the help of the enterprise resource planning in the workplace. In the multinational corporations, this process is quite useful as well as essential also. In a multinational organization, for instance, Apple INC. thousands of employees are working over there. In order to record the data of each and every employee, this process is very crucial in order to attain the objectives of the organization as well as to determine the requirements of the business. Apart from this, in Apple INC. numbers of operations are performed at a time and along with the number of operations, suppliers details, buyers details, etc. will also be recorded under this process only. The main aim of maintaining and launching this process in the workplace is to maintain the whole data of the organization at one place safe and secure. Business Process Business process of every organization varies and being in the same industry, organizations adopt unique business process in order to make the take the competitive advantage. Apple Inc. is a multinational organization and involved in manufacturing of consumer electronic goods. Their famous products are iPhone, iPod, iPad, etc. Hence, this organizations business process is very huge and to manage all the functionalities, Enterprise Resource Planning will be a great resource for making the process of Apple INC. smoother and effective (Leon, 2014). The major functionalities of the business process of Apple INC. are: Research Development process to make the existing products more effective and efficient. Designing of the products in order to meet the customers expectations. Purchase department thee perform their duties in order to gather all those things which will be required while developing the customer-oriented products (Seo, 2013) Apart from these things, functionalities of the promotion and the advertisement department start. These are the most crucial segment of the business process of Apple INC. because it enhances the demand for the new product which is about to launch in the market (Shaul Tauber, 2013). Apart from these functionalities, there are numerous activities are involved in the backstage of the operations. To record all these activities in one process, Enterprise Resource Planning is being adopted in the workplace in order to ease the work as well as to achieve adequate objectives. Access to this process will be provided by the requirement of the organization. For instance, production manager wants to record the data in relation to the recent purchases then he will be able to see all the sections which are related to the production team and the same goes for each and every department of the organization. The major access i.e. access to the whole system will be with the CEO of the organization only and on the mutual consent, this access can also be shared with anyone. Regulations on the access are imposed to maintain the confidentiality of the resources, information and the key aspects of the organization. Apart from this, there are numerous types of information's available with the organization i.e. suppliers' details, clients' details, etc. and this information could easily be misused . In order to prevent this confidential information from the external as well as with the internal stakeholders, restrictions on the over access to the system are imposed (Tarhini, Ammar Tarhini, 2015). All the functionalities of the operations will be recorded in the single system only and it will help the organization to enhance their performance in order to reduce the complications in the work procedures as well as to keep the organizations information safe and secure. With the help of ERP system, organization could also meet the requirements which are crucial from the perceptive of the expansion of the business in the global market. In addition to this, organization will be able to achieve the success and the growth objective easily. Most of the functionalities of the organization will be performed with the help of enterprise resource planning system hence; chances of errors in recording, auditing, and in other functionalities of the organization reduces. Thus, implication and the execution of the enterprise resource planning system will be effective for the organization and it will help the management of the organization to execute the functionalities with comfort and ease (Hoc h Dulebohn, 2013). Business Requirements in relation with ERP system Evaluation of the business requirements in relation to the need of enterprise resource planning in the workplace to make the functionalities of the organization effective and efficient, it has been observed that various multinational organizations have adopted this system already. Enterprise Resource Planning system is very helpful in achievement of goals for the business in terms of various aspects as well as it also increases the chances of the organization in terms of expansion of the organization in the international market. With the help of the implementation of enterprise resource planning system in the workplace, achievement of targets set up by the management becomes quite easy task. Enterprise Resource Planning is the major requirement for every organization in terms of expansion of the business as well as to build the market image in the global marketing. Apart from this, it is also useful in the procedure of attaining the competitive advantage. This system also helps the o rganization in various ways such as it describes unique ways to save cost of the production. This ultimately increases the demand of the product because decrease in the prices of the commodities will be recorded with the decrease in the cost of the production. Apart from this efficiency as well as the profitability of the organization also increases and this builds the effective way for the organization in terms of developing the adequate way to reaching the desired destination (Hunton, McEwen Wier, 2015). Furthermore, while evaluating the effectiveness of the process followed by the Apple INC. Before implementing the enterprise planning resource system in their workplace, it was observed that all the functionalities were managed adequately and for every department, a center head was appointed who was held responsible for the performance of the particular department. This procedure was time consuming as well as in the scenarios of critical issues, organizational procedure was not able to resolve those issues. Due to these issues and to maintain the adequate performance in the competitive business environment, organization adopted the technique of Enterprise Resource Planning system. This resolves various types of issues such as it enhance the effectiveness of the internal communication system as well as it also fills the gaps between the relationship of employer and employees (Seethamraju, 2015). ERP's requirements in relation to business Implementation of enterprise resource planning system in the workplace is not an easy task; it requires various efforts, as well as there, are number of requirements mentioned under enterprise resource planning system which needs to be fulfilled before implementing it into the workplace (Yeh Xu, 2013). Following are some of the organizational aspects which need to be matched with ERP systems requirements: Financial Accounting: This is the major requirement of enterprise resource planning system because this is the only procedure which requires being practiced on the daily basis and at the end of the year, this process requires huge efforts. Through enterprise planning resource system, this vast process could be converted into easy and smooth process which does not requires big efforts as well as it also helps organization to save their time at the end of the year while closing the accounts as, through this software, financial statements could be obtained automatically with accurate information. Under this software, organizations various requirements are fulfilled such as preparation of payroll, payments to the daily wage employees, etc. in adequate time and with effective results (Tasevska, Damij Damij, 2014). Material Management: With the implementation of the enterprise resource planning system, material management also becomes an easy task for the organization. This is big and again a vast task which requires various employees efforts and knowledge in relation with resolving the issues such as accurate recording of the available inventory, recording of purchased materials and the same procedure goes for the supplies and the sale of the products. To perform this process in an adequate manner, a certain number of employees is required but while performing the same procedure with the help of enterprise resource planning, it becomes an easy as well as effective task for the organisation. With enterprise resource planning system, bar codes are pasted on each and every product and it is scanned before coming or going out of the premises of the organization. And with the automated process, accurate results in relation to the management of the inventory are obtained (Chofreh, et. al., 2014). Production management: While reviewing the scenario of Apple INC. it has been observed that organization requires an adequate procedure through which appropriate quantity of products could be manufactured as per the market demand. Enterprise planning resource system involves various steps which are crucial from the perception of the organization and these steps also help the organization in relevance with analysing the organizational requirements as well as in fulfilling the same. In terms of Apple INC. numbers of materials are purchased from various parts of the globe and some are manufactured too. Hence, enterprise resource planning will help the Apple INC. to make the production management quite easier in relevance with the previous system followed by them (Shen, Chen Wang, 2016). Customer Service Management: This is the part of the organizational process which has the enough capacity to increase the demand of the products manufactured by organization as well as it could also decrease the demand of the same. The better, the customer service will be, the more its demand will be. Hence; enterprise resource planning helps the organization to evaluate the gaps in the customer service management and rectifies them with the view to provide adequate services to the customers (Ha Ahn, 2014). Selection of Vendor and Software Selection process of the adequate software and the vendor from which software needs to be purchased is quite difficult. In relevance with this and to make this process easy and simple, organization develops its requirements and on the basis of those requirements, adequate set of software are implemented in the workplace to obtain effective results. The management needs to adopt the safest software because, after its implementation, most of the tasks will be performed by the system only hence; employees will work only as the maintaining the system as well as to fulfil the requirements of the clients. Inferior quality or the unsafe software may develop various issues such as leakage of clients confidential information, leakage of confidential information of the organization, secret formula to manufacture unique products, etc. Hence, qualitative and safe software adaptation will be a good decision in relevance with maintaining the market image in the global market (Kermani Rouhani, 201 4). For selecting the adequate software considering the organizational requirements, selection of the vendor should be done on the same requirements because the more reputed vendor will be, trust over their software can be easily built up (Kurbel, 2016). Significance of ERP in enhancing the efficiency Enterprise resource planning is the system through which organization could enhance its performance and the ability to achieve the growth could also be enhanced adequately with the implementation of this system. Taking Apple Inc.s example, it has been observed that they are involved in the manufacturing of consumer electronic goods which are basically produced to ease the consumers efforts. But there are certain processes available in the market through which organization could also ease their functionalities and those processes are known as Enterprise Resource Planning (Nah Tan, 2015). Under this process, software is adopted as per the organizational requirements in order to attain the objectives of the organization. Following are some of the benefits available with the use of enterprise resource planning in Apple Inc.: Maintenance of the inventory as well as the staff will be doable in more adequate manner because due to huge number of inventories as well as the huge number of staff members, manual recording is quite difficult (Costa, et. al., 2016). Implementation of the enterprise resource planning system in the Apple Inc.s workplace helps them to determine the payroll of the employees as per the number present days of each employee. As this process is digitalised hence; it will be calculated in an adequate manner (Nofal Yusof, 2013). Apart from this, financial and the accounting functionalities of the organization will also be manageable in an effective manner. Manual recording and formation of the financial statements may lead to development of errors but financial statements developed with the help of ERP system will be more effective, adequate and error-free. Level of efficiency with the implementation of ERP system Level of efficiency achieved by the implementation of the enterprise resource planning system could be determined with the help of comparing the effectiveness, growth rate and the profitability with the period in which enterprise resource planning system was not adopted. A level up in the efficiency will only be considered when the minimum rate of the overall profits will be raised with at least 25%. Till the time, organization will not be able to achieve 25% more profits after implementing the enterprise resource planning system in the organizational workplace, a level up in the efficiency of the organization cannot be considered (Sarno, et. al., 2015). After implementation of the enterprise resource planning system, organizations strength becomes double. This is because those tasks performed by the employees manually are now performed by the machines and with accurate results with no chance of error. Chances of error are more in manually performed tasks. Implementation of enterprise resource planning system helps the organization in achievement of the organizational objectives in an adequate manner. Apart from this, organization is able to develop stronger image in the global market with the adaptation of the Enterprise Resource Planning system (Altamony, et. al., 2016). Potential Risks with the implementation of ERP There are numerous risk factors are available through which organization is not able to adopt the policy of ERP implementation. The first and the foremost risk factors involved in the implementation of the Enterprise Resource Planning is the customization of the ERP system because it is adaptation software. Various organizations follow the rule of developing the Enterprise Resource Planning as per their requirements rather adopting the latest system available in the market with the view to gain the competitive advantage. But due to adaptation of the customized enterprise resource planning system, vendor may not serve the organization with the after sale services and this could result disastrous situation for the organization because resolving the concerns in relation to the enterprise resource planning system cannot be performed by organizational members. Hence, it may lead to the loss situation (Aslan, Stevenson Hendry, 2015). Another important risk factor involved in the implementation of the enterprise resource planning system is adaptation of wrong vendor or wrong software. Adaptation of inadequate vendor and software will lead to the leakage of the confidential and the secret information in relation with the organizational clients and other important members. Theft of data is also a big concern for the organization because adaptation of inferior quality enterprise resource planning system may lead to this situation and this situation could affect the business performance in the negative manner (Cao, Nicolaou Bhattacharya, 2013). Measures to mitigate the risks Control measures should be adopted on the basis of risk factors involved in the enterprise resource planning system. As ERP system is a digitalised system consists of certain software as per the requirements of the organization. The basic control measure adopted by every organization who has adopted the system of enterprise resource planning is security software through which data of the organization could be stored in safe and secured manner. Apart from the security measures, there is number of issues available in digitalization of the tasks. There are several procedures through which risks impact could be controlled as well as reduced. Ignorance of risk, acceptance of risk and the transfer of risk are the three measures through which risks impact over the organizations performance could be reduced as well as it could also be neglected (Garg Garg, 2013). The first stage of dealing with risk measure is ignorance of risk and under this, risk is ignored till the time it does not affects the performance of the organization. For instance, In Apple INC.s production area, one worker goes on strike due to non-fulfilment of the demands. Hence, organization will be able to ignore this type of risk because absence of one worker will not create impact over the performance of the organization (Eden, Sedera Tan, 2014). Acceptance of risk is the second stage and in this stage, organization needs to be accepting the risk factors to avoid the great impact over the performance of the organization. If whole worker union will go on strike then this situation will impact the organizations performance hence; organization needs to settle down these issues as soon as possible. Apart from the above stages, transfer of risk is the third stage in which organization needs to transfer the risk to the third person for making payment in relevance with the loss in curred due to risk factors. For instance, insurance company pays the claim against the loss incurred due to fire, theft, etc. in the organization. The same control measure is being adopted by the Apple INC. in relation to control the impact of the risk over the performance of the organization (Zeng Skibniewski, 2013). Conclusion From the aforesaid analysis, it has been concluded that the enterprise resource planning is the advanced technology which is adopted in the workplace with the view to enhance the business performance. Under this report, various types of business requirements have been discussed in relation with the enterprise resource planning system with the objective to increase the efficiency of the organization. Apart from this, Enterprise resource plannings requirements have also been discussed in relation to the different type of business because requirements of all businesses vary from each other. To implement the most adequate enterprise resource planning system in the workplace, selection of the adequate vendor and the combination of the software will be done on the basis of the organizational requirements. Apart from these factors, significance of the enterprise resource planning system and the level of the efficiency achieved with the help of implementation of the ERP system have also been discussed under the report. Additionally, potential risk factors involved in the enterprise resource planning system as well as the control measures adopted to resolve those risks factors are also explained in this report in order to attain adequate position in the competitive business environment. References Altamony, H., Tarhini, A., Al-Salti, Z., Gharaibeh, A. and Elyas, T., 2016. The relationship between change management strategy and successful enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementations: A theoretical perspective.International Journal of Business Management and economics Research,7(4), pp.690-703. Aslan, B., Stevenson, M. and Hendry, L.C., 2015. The applicability and impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems: Results from a mixed method study on Make-To-Order (MTO) companies.Computers in Industry,70, pp.127-143. Cao, J., Nicolaou, A.I. and Bhattacharya, S., 2013. A longitudinal examination of enterprise resource planning system post-implementation enhancements.Journal of Information Systems,27(1), pp.13-39. Chofreh, A.G., Goni, F.A., Shaharoun, A.M., Ismail, S. and Kleme, J.J., 2014. Sustainable enterprise resource planning: imperatives and research directions.Journal of Cleaner Production,71, pp.139-147. Costa, C.J., Ferreira, E., Bento, F. and Aparicio, M., 2016. Enterprise resource planning adoption and satisfaction determinants.Computers in Human Behavior,63, pp.659-671. Eden, R., Sedera, D. and Tan, F.B., 2014. Sustaining the Momentum: Archival Analysis of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (2006-2012).CAIS,35, p.3. Garg, P. and Garg, A., 2013. An empirical study on critical failure factors for enterprise resource planning implementation in Indian retail sector.Business Process Management Journal,19(3), pp.496-514. Ha, Y.M. and Ahn, H.J., 2014. Factors affecting the performance of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in the post-implementation stage.Behaviour Information Technology,33(10), pp.1065-1081. Hoch, J.E. and Dulebohn, J.H., 2013. Shared leadership in enterprise resource planning and human resource management system implementation.Human Resource Management Review,23(1), pp.114-125. Hunton, J.E., McEwen, R.A. and Wier, B., 2015. Retraction: The Reaction of Financial Analysts to Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Implementation Plans.Journal of Information Systems,29(2), pp.241-241. Kermani, S.E. and Rouhani, S., 2014. Review of Readiness to the Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries.Iranian Journal of Business and Economics,1. Kurbel, K.E., 2016.Enterprise Resource Planning And Supply Chain Management. Springer-Verlag Berlin An. Leon, A., 2014.Enterprise resource planning. McGraw-Hill Education. Nah, F.F.H. and Tan, X., 2015. An Emergent Model of End-users' Acceptance of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems: A Grounded Theory Approach.Journal of Database Management (JDM),26(4), pp.44-66. Nofal, M.I. and Yusof, Z.M., 2013. Integration of business intelligence and enterprise resource planning within organizations.Procedia Technology,11, pp.658-665. Sarno, R., Djeni, C.A., Mukhlash, I. And Sunaryono, D., 2015. Developing A Workflow Management System For Enterprise Resource Planning.Journal Of Theoretical Applied Information Technology,72(3). Seethamraju, R., 2015. Adoption of software as a service (SaaS) enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs).Information systems frontiers,17(3), pp.475-492. Seo, G., 2013.Challenges in implementing enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in large organizations: similarities and differences between corporate and university environment(Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Shaul, L. and Tauber, D., 2013. Critical success factors in enterprise resource planning systems: Review of the last decade.ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR),45(4), p.55. Shen, Y.C., Chen, P.S. and Wang, C.H., 2016. A study of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system performance measurement using the quantitative balanced scorecard approach.Computers in Industry,75, pp.127-139. Tarhini, A., Ammar, H. and Tarhini, T., 2015. Analysis of the critical success factors for enterprise resource planning implementation from stakeholders perspective: A systematic review.International Business Research,8(4), p.25. Tasevska, F., Damij, T. and Damij, N., 2014. Project planning practices based on enterprise resource planning systems in small and medium enterprisesA case study from the Republic of Macedonia.International journal of project management,32(3), pp.529-539. Yeh, C.H. and Xu, Y., 2013. Managing critical success strategies for an enterprise resource planning project.European Journal of Operational Research,230(3), pp.604-614. Zeng, Y. and Skibniewski, M.J., 2013. Risk assessment for enterprise resource planning (ERP) system implementations: a fault tree analysis approach.Enterprise Information Systems,7(3), pp.332-353.

Richard Joseph Daley, The Grandson Of Irish Immigrants, Was Born In Th

Richard Joseph Daley, the grandson of Irish immigrants, was born in the Bridgeport area of Chicago on May 15, 1902. He was graduated from De La Salle Institute in 1918 and worked in the stockyards for several years before studying law. While studying, he worked as a clerk in the Cook County Controller's office. In 1936 Daley married Eleanor Guilfoyle, and the couple had three daughters and four sons. One son, Richard M. Daley, served in the Illinois Senate and as Cook County state's attorney before being elected mayor of Chicago in 1989. Daley held several elected posts before becoming mayor. He was state representative from 1936 to 1938, state senator from 1939 to 1946, county deputy controller from 1946 to 1949, and county clerk from 1950 to 1955. He also served as state revenue director, an appointed position, under Governor Adlai Stevenson. In these positions, Daley gained a keen understanding of government and a mastery of budgets and revenue sources. Cook County Democratic party chairman Richard J. Daley, 53, wins the Chicago mayoralty race and begins a 21-year career as mayor of the second largest U.S. city. Daley, the archetypal city "boss," served as mayor from 1955 to 1976. He was one of the last big city bosses. As a Democrat, Daley wielded a great deal of power in this largely Democratic city. He headed a powerful political machine that effectively dominated much of Chicago. He governed by the spoils system, and he delivered many local votes for Democratic presidential candidates. His support was often sought by state and national leaders. Daley gained national notoriety in 1968 when Chicago police brutally subdued demonstrators at the Democratic National Convention. Daley was an important figure in the national Democratic Party. As the mayor of Chicago until his death in 1976 and as chairman of Chicago's Cook County Democratic Central Committee from 1953 to 1976, Richard Joseph Daley was one of the most powerful politicians in the United States. He easily won reelection to office in five successive campaigns from 1959 to 1975, and during his mayoralty Chicago was the scene of an unprecedented building boom, improvement in city services, and urban renewal programs. Daley ran Chicago when federal government was pouring billions into highways, public transit, housing for poor. He used it to advantage, mounting massive urban renewal and transportation projects. Neighborhoods resisted, but Daley prevailed. He was a builder, developing O'Hare Airport, public housing projects, University of Illinois campus and McCormick Place. A machine politician in the old tradition, Daley will use patronage to control the Illinois state vote and obtain tax breaks and zoning-law favors for real estate interests and others that su pport him. Although Daley remained popular and influential during his several terms, his administration was marred by a number of political scandals, by civil-rights disturbances, and by a riot at the 1968 Democratic convention. Daley was among John F. Kennedy's key supporters in the 1960 presidential election, providing him with the delegates who helped him win a first-ballot nomination and a massive Chicago vote that delivered Illinois for Kennedy in his narrow victory over Richard M. Nixon. Daley hosted the 1968 Democratic National Convention at President Lyndon B. Johnson's request. Daley's national reputation was seriously tarnished as the result of violence between anti-Vietnam War demonstrators and Chicago police. Ironically, Daley had been a private critic of the Victnam War and had urged Johnson to withdraw U.S. forces. In 1972, Daley was dealt another blow when the Democratic National Convention refused to seat his Illinois delegation because of noncompliance with new selection rules. In 1976, Jimmy Carter said that Daley's endorsement clinched his first-ballot nomination for the presidency, but Daley failed to deliver Illinois for Carter in the election. Controlling 30,000 patronage jobs and savvy ward organization, he delivered elections for himself and Democratic allies. Blacks were a major component of the Daley coalition, providing him with his winning margin in his two closest mayoral elections. But his relationship with them deteriorated in the turbulent hours after Dr. Martin Luther King's assassination when Daley issued a shoot-to-kill order in the wake of riots and looting on the city's West Side. He later resented the challenge to his authority as party chairman by black Democratic

How to Study Shakespeares Sonnet 73

How to Study Shakespeare's Sonnet 73 Shakespeare’s Sonnet 73 is the third of four poems concerned with aging (Sonnets 71-74). It is also hailed as one of his most beautiful sonnets. The speaker in the poem suggests that his lover will love him more, the older he gets because his physical aging will remind him that he will die soon. Alternatively, he could be saying that if his lover can appreciate and love him in his decrepit state then his love must be enduring and strong. You can read the full text to Sonnet 73 in our collection of Shakespeare’s sonnets. The Facts Sequence: Sonnet 73 is part of the Fair Youth SonnetsKey Themes: Ageing, mortality, enduring love, forthcoming death inspiring stronger love, seasons of lifeStyle: Sonnet 73 is written in iambic pentameter and follows the traditional sonnet form A Translation The poet addresses his lover and acknowledges that he is in the Autumn or Winter of his life and that he knows his lover can see that. He compares himself to a tree in the Autumn or Winter: â€Å"Upon those boughs which shake against the cold.† He explains that the sun (or life) in him is fading and night (or death) is taking over - he is aging. However, he knows his lover still sees a fire in him but suggests that it will go out or that he will be consumed by it. He knows his lover sees him getting older but believes it makes his love stronger because he knows that he will die soon so will appreciate him while he is there. Analysis The sonnet is somewhat tragic in tone because it is based on wishful thinking: as I get older, I will be loved more. However, it could be saying that even though the lover can perceive his aging, he loves him regardless. The tree metaphor works beautifully in this case. It is evocative of the seasons and relates to the different stages of life. This is reminiscent of the â€Å"All the world’s a stage† speech from As You Like It. In Sonnet 18 the fair youth is famously compared to a summer’s day – we know then that he is younger and more vibrant than the poet and that this concerns him. Sonnet 73 contains many of the reoccurring themes in Shakespeare’s work concerning the effects of time and age on physical and mental wellbeing. The poem could also be compared to Sonnet 55 where monuments are â€Å"besmeared by sluttish time†. The metaphors and imagery are pungent in this evocative example of Shakespeare’s mastery.

Applied Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Applied Financial Management - Essay Example The financial statements provided a favourable picture of the organization which was not true as a result the trust of the shareholders was affected with the exposure of the accounting frauds and with the collapse of the company all the stakeholder of the company were hugely affected. Another major corporate collapse was the fall of HIH Insurance which also fell due to the non transparent financial statements. The fall of a company affects not only its members but to every stakeholders which includes the economy too. The two major collapses indicated the importance of the corporate governance. Every country follow one or the other system of corporate governance but with the increase of operation of companies in different countries, should the different system of corporate governance should be converged or not is a matter of question. In this project the concept of corporate governance including the different systems of corporate governance has been discussed. With the era of globaliz ation were different companies are operating around the globe; the topic of convergence of the different system of corporate governance has also been discussed. ... Corporate governance provides a basic structure to the organisation on how it should be operated. It contains the ethical standards which should be followed by the organisation. Corporate governance contains the process which the company follows, the customs and the policies which are adopted by the company. The corporate governance specifies the company’s accountability to the different stakeholders of the organisation. It establishes the relationship between the various stakeholders of the organisation. The stakeholders include the shareholders, suppliers, fund providers, customers, government and the society in which the business is operating. The stakeholders also include the internal members of the organisation like the management, board of directors, employees etc. Corporate governance is also related with the corporate social responsibility of the company. The corporate scandals and the collapse of the two different corporate giant as mentioned in the above part signifi ed the importance of adequate corporate governance. Every person whose interest lies on the operation of the company, directly or indirectly, is associated with the corporate governance. This makes the employees of the organisation also a member of corporate governance as they receive salary and other benefits for working in the company. The other members associated with the corporate governance are board of directors, managers, other company officials, auditors, shareholders, customers, suppliers and lenders. All these members are affected by the financial performance of the company. The corporate governance directs the management on the internal and the external factors of the organisation. The internal factors range from the remuneration, power, process of internal control

Discuss the extent to which authors are successful in representing the Essay

Discuss the extent to which authors are successful in representing the child's point of view in scenes about education in 20th century literature - Essay Example Her depiction of the education system is reflective of this simplistic and disconnected with reality. Roald Dahl’s depiction is similar, his reflection helps us also identify a need for escapism and appreciation of the absurd. Phil Grange, Sue Townsend and J.D Salinger all are very realistic in their depictions of the educational systems of the time which reflects the trouble that adolescents face dealing with the social realities around them. Harry Potter deals with a world of fantasy embedded in a boarding-school life. This depiction of school life is reminiscent of books like ‘Tom Brown’s school days’. Jill Murphy’s series is along the same line but less intense and targeted towards a younger audience. Each author uses his skill to depict the educational systems as children see them and each is a fusion of the author’s own style and experience and the broader social realities in which they were writing. This paper reviews children’s literature in the 20th century by focusing on specific pieces of writing, with special references to their depiction of the educational system. It will first review the relevant piece of literature and then discuss the social and historical context in which it was written. Although the paper describes the depictions of the educational system that the works cover it also studies the broader context in which these systems exist and also the elements in the work and the authors style which influence the way the educational system is depicted. Amongst the tools used the paper looks at the narrative styles used and the depiction of adults in the work to get insight into the impact that the social and historical elements have on children’s lives. The key focus of this paper is to explain that the depiction of childhood in children’s literature is influenced by the social and historical

Business Documents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Documents - Essay Example The development of a crisis management plan which should be consistent with a framework for crisis planning pertinent to the food industry as presented by Bednall and Gray (2000); where, as noted, â€Å"crisis plans may include details of possible incidents or scenarios to test the plan before it is ever needed and togive practical guidance to those who have to use it† (p. 85); The proposed development and implementation of these plans would be within six months upon approval. The amount to be invested would be marginal as compared to the cost that would be incurred if the organization fails to prepare these plans and be subject to legal concerns that could ensue from food contamination cases, food recall, or loss of good-will. For your review and approval. Pursuant to the recent proposal to the Board of Directors to develop and design a Crisis Management and Communication Plan for Edible Delights Pty Ltd., I am very pleased to announce that the Board has unanimously approved this endeavor. To reiterate, one rationalized that the need for these plans are crucial in view of the disturbing news that potentially exposes food manufacturers, like us, to various threats, risks and vulnerabilities that could lead to serious food contaminations. The proposed development plan would ensue six months from the date of approval, which is today. As such, everyone’s participation and collaboration in the solicitation of crucial information that would be used in the development phase would be cordially

Illiteracy in Egypt | An overview

Illiteracy in Egypt | An overview Illiteracy in Egypt Illiteracy is a huge problem, which face the developing countries and of course some of the developed countries. Who we can call an illiterate? An illiterate is a person who is unable to read or write. The rate of illiteracy is high in Egypt especially for women. The rate of illiteracy in Egypt in 2002 is approximately 34.2, while 45.4 percent is women. According to Arab Human Development Report; the illiteracy in the Arab world has reached 65 million, two thirds of them women. The illiteracy problem is caused by many things; one of the causes is poverty and another one is the lack of education of the parents. For example poverty; people want their children to learn, but can not afford enough money to make that dream come true. For the poor parents, it is a dream to make his children enter a school, because he wants his son to achieve something he could not do. This is a reason why illiteracy is high in the rural areas in Egypt. This is not only in rural areas, but also in big citie s in Cairo and the main reason for that is poverty; people cannot afford money to pay for their children school expenses, so they do not enter school and of course they become illiterate. This essay will first demonstrate the causes behind illiteracy and will try to find solutions for this problem. There are a number of causes behind the increased rate of illiteracy in Egypt, one of which is family pressure on women specifically from husbands, most of the husbands do not want their wifes to learn, specially the illiterate husbands. In the rural areas it is nearly impossible to convince the husband to attach his wife to a learning system. The husband is convinced that his wife has no need to learn. She only needs to serve her house, so what is the need of learning. Most of the girls wants to learn, but as they grow this feeling vanishes with time. Therefore in most of the cases the illiterate husband is the cause for the illiteracy of his daughter and wife. Another aspect of the problem is that husbands do not want to learn, they say why to learn, while I got my wife and my farm to look after, learning is not important. Some people at first are convinced to join educational system, but after some time they leave. Because they are bored, or they do not understand what they were taught or the more advanced group of them leaves after learning how to read and write.† To convince people of the importance of staying with classes is one of the toughest obstacles we face â€Å"(Rashed, 2002, issue no. 604). There is another problem which is the most of the people leaves after they are able to read and write, and he or she think that this is enough, but this is a problem, because if he or she did not exercise a lot he will forget what he learned and that is the ability to read and write. You can teach people how to read and write in a nine-month program, but according to a recently conducted field study by WSA, if people stop their education at that point, there is a big chance they will forget what they have been taught in a period ranging from six to 12 months (Rashed, 2002, issue no. 604). Some of the illiterate people are wealthy, they does not see a reason for learning, as they demonstrate it â€Å"what did the educated people get? This is a result of the socioeconomic problems in the country† (Abdoun, 2009, Daily News Egypt). That kind of people is nearly impossible to convince, because he thinks that he got enough money, so he think why do I need to learn? I got enough money for my self and my children. But what he does not know that his children will suffer after he dies. Because of course he prevents his children from learning. If he has a son from he make him works with him and if he has a daughter he will make her wait for marriage. In large cities like Egypt most people are poor; maybe due to the low income. People do not find money to spend on their children to learn. Nowadays in high school every student should take a lesson after school to understand the subject, because he did not understand what he was taught in school. Most of the parent can not a fford to pay for that lesson so the student fail and leaves the school. Illiteracy has many negative effects, not only on the person himself, but also for his own country; first of all, if a country has a high illiteracy rate, it will be very hard for this country to develop, because the countries develop with its people, not with itself. If people have knowledge they can do anything like gain a lot of money, invent new things, which leads to the development of their country. Second, illiteracy make people naà ¯ve easy to trick, because if you ask a question to an illiterate person and he does not know the answer, anything you say he will believe it, so he can be trick because of his illiteracy. Finally, illiterate people can not be a well known person Can an illiterate person be a president for example? Of course not, because he does not have any information to give or to convince people with. Although there are many solutions to eradicate illiteracy, not many of them work. Why is that? Because only a small group of people accept to learn, while the other leaves after a small period or after they learned basic concept, like reading and writing and those are partially illiterate. Illiteracy eradication programs have spread in Egypt to help illiterate people, but not all of it has been successful. One of these programs tries to employ young graduates and teach them, how to teach illiterate people. But the program is not that successful, why? Because of many reasons; first the graduates are young so they lack training, of course they will be trained, but they do not have the experience of an old teacher on how to teach, not only teach, but teach and deal with an illiterate person. Most of the graduated students look for money and jobs but they did not find what they desired, so they look for any kind of job to get money. After graduating, I didnt find a job. I signed up for the Century Project when I found out it paid LE150 a month.(Nafie, 2003, Issue No. 654).thus most of the graduated student look for just work, so they might not concentrate on the people they are teaching, of course they take courses on how to deal with the illiterate people, but that might not be enough. Because experience is the key to make people learn and make them have a desire in learning. I dont think any of the volunteers really believe in the cause. Most of us are doing it just because we need the money. (Nafie, 2003, Issue No. 654).as one of the volunteers mentioned, if they did not believe in the cause, will they really succeed in what they are doing? One main goal the person whose job is to eradicate the illiteracy should have, this goal is that he really wants to eradicate illiteracy, not just take it as a job. Another main problem is the eradicating programs itself. Maybe it does not suit that illiterate person himself; maybe he can not understand from the person that is teaching him, maybe the time is not suitable for him. It is not just provide the people with classes then leave them. It is providing people with classes and monitors them see what they need, are they comfortable with the way they learn, do they need anything else. The main idea is to motivate and encourage them and make them fell comfortable and make the classes and the schedules suitable for everyone. If this is achieved they will gain a lot from what they are learning. â€Å"An important area is the development of flexible programs which suit different learners needs and interests, meaning flexible schedules and convenient locations† (Abdoun, 2008, Daily News Egypt). There are other ways of eradicating illiteracy that is claimed to work; one of them is by advertising and providing lessons through television.† Utilization of the television channels and broadcasting as a teaching aid for distance education, through the introduction of literacy lessons and educational drama, thus covering all governorates at various periods to enable illiterates follow them regardless of time or place† (UNESCO Egypt report 1).This is good and a new way of learning, but the main question is does most the illiterates have television and if they have, do they have the time to watch literacy lessons on it? Of course not, because most of the illiterate parts in Egypt are concentrated in the rural areas, most of these people are concerned with their farms and work. Moreover most of these people will not want to see these programs on the television. They will say why I should waste my time on watching some program I do not even understand. The rural areas in Eg ypt do not care so much about technology some of them might still be using radios and do not even have a television or even care to have one. They are more concerned with their work, families and their own problems. To make a program like that work it needs awareness, how to know which time this program is aired and how to understand from it. Because when an illiterate person starts to learn, especially old people (people above the age of 30) they find most of the course or the program very hard to understand, so they start to fear what is coming and they ask themselves how I am going to understand the complex parts, when I can not even understand the easy part. Many ways of eradicating illiteracy had failed, because people do not have their expectations meet. This paragraph will provide few solutions, from all the information gathered about how to eradicate illiteracy. First of all, women is not like men they are easily convinced, if someone sit with them and talk and understand their problem, they might provide a solution for them.The best suited for this mission is one who is not working for money, but the one whose gladly dedicating his life to solve this problem, who believes that he or she can solve it if he or she tries. These descriptions mostly applied on female instructors; because they are enthusiastic and realistic about their work. According to one of the volunteers she said â€Å"we will make the project succeed. As long as there are a few like us, who are keen on teaching those in need, a lot of people will be able to overcome illiteracy. (Nafie, 2003, Issue No. 654).Other are men volunteer for the illiteracy eradicating program, which this essay explained some of the works for money and the others work because they did no t find a job. These kinds of people must be removed and replaced with people such as these women who do not work for money; they work to educate illiterate people. Another one of the female volunteers said â€Å"the money was not a motivational factor.†What can you do with LE150 these days anyway? she asked. Those who were doing it for the money, she said, dont deserve the job† (Nafie, 2003, Issue No. 654).Many women do not work for money, so they are the best candidates for the jobs. The question now how to convince husbands; by telling and showing him examples of literate people and demonstrate what his wife will be if she is literate, how she will understand him and her children better. That also applies for him, what he will be after he is a literate person how it will help him with his work and also make him a better person. Fighting illiteracy is not to make people learn how to read and write, it is a long way that involves convincing the illiterate women to go on with studying in the program, and convince the husbands about the essential of letting their wives continue their education. One big way of illiteracy eradicating is the family support. If the family is supportive enough the illiterate member of this family will continue to learn, not just stop by learning how to read and write and if they continue to support this illiterate member in their family he becomes a fully literate person, it means that he will have a degree. For the wealthy people who are illiterate they should understand if they make their children learn that should make things easy for him. His son will be able to take after his father job and even expand it. Because he learned in details how this job works. In the end the illiteracy eradicating process depends on the instructors and how can they convince and encourage people to learn. To sum up , illiteracy is a huge problem which is facing Egypt, but not only Egypt, the whole world is facing that problem. There are many problems which are causing illiteracy in Egypt, one of them is family pressure on women specifically from husbands, another one is the husband themselves dont want to learn and there is the rich illiterate people who do not care about learning. The effect of illiteracy is huge, a country with huge rate of illiteracy will not be developed country and illiteracy makes people naà ¯ve easy to trick. The illiterate person will be as he is until he dies without doing anything for himself or his country. There is some solutions that did not work for eradicating illiteracy, for example; people that only work for money not to eradicate illiteracy they are not dedicated to their job, so they will teach without care about the person in front of them. Also there is the television lesson for illiterate people, which illiterate people might not understand it, another thing the government provides programs for eradicating illiteracy that do not suit all the illiterate people. Finally, there are some solutions for eradicating illiteracy. For women they are easily convinced, if someone understands their thought and what they need they can easily be convinced with the idea of learning. For the husbands, they must see an example of literate husband, to convince them what they or their family will become if they become literate. The illiteracy eradicating process depends on the instructors and how can they convince and encourage people to learn. References Rashed, Dina (2002), Life choices, Al Ahram weekly Retrieved (25/12/2009) from http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2002/604/fe2.htm Abdoun, Safaa (2008), Illiteracy eradication programs struggle with the numbers, daily news Egypt Retrieved (25/12/2009) from http://www.dailystaregypt.com/printerfriendly.aspx?ArticleID=18209 Abdoun, Safaa (2009), Egypts illiteracy rate drops slightly to 26 pct, daily news Egypt Retrieved (25/12/2009) from http://www.thedailynewsegypt.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=25852 Nafie, Reem (2003), Illiteracy revisited, Al Ahram weekly Retrieved (26/12/2009) from http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2003/654/eg2.htm UNESCO (2000), country reports Retrieved (26/12/2009) from http://www.unesco.org/education/wef/countryreports/egypt/rapport_1_2.htm

World War III Essay example -- Creative Writing Essays

...I remember. It was all a blur. I remember sitting on the cold dusty floor; in the stadium, at my school. We all had no clue what was going on. The students, staff and facility staff, we were all jam-packed in the stadium. In front of all of us there was a tall dark man who had a skunk’s tail around his face, his shoulders were brawny, and His face was cold sober. The tall man thought that We were so naà ¯ve and absurd wearing, poppies on and kept sniggering every time he took a glance at us. What does what? Who is he? I also wanted to know why he is here those were the questions that were circling in my mind. The tall dark man looked very intimidating he looked as hard as a brick. He had three men on each side of him, looking like bowling pins. He told us that his name he said his name was Dedrick, ruler of people, he said this with gratification. The silence in the room broke. The whalley rangers erupted with hilarity. His face turned red with a slow burn â€Å"SILENCE!† he compelled. All of a sudden the clock struck eleven o’clock. He declared â€Å"I Dedrick Hitler, Hitler’s son! When I saw the villainous spiteful look of his face I started to put all the puzzle pieces together. I knew what was going on. Words were racing through my mind. If you ever hear the word Hitler’s son on Remembrance Day at eleven o’clock you just know y ou’re going to be in a rat' nest. I slowly raised my hand terrified of what was going to happen. All eyes were focused on. Dedrick said â€Å"yes zilltle girl† in a strong, powerful, and stentorian. German accent â€Å"vat do you vant?† I softly then said to him in a calm voice â€Å"what is your plan, what do you want at this school?† He came closer. He whispers in my ear with his melting voice â€Å"my plan? I felt so rotten m... ... stand the heat. I did not vote for you so that, you can encourage kids to fight. Sleeping on the warm bloody red floor made me feel queasy, at the beginning but Haley who is only 8 told us to stay strong. Haley is a better leader than you will ever be. I cannot breathe in the nasty powdery plague. The smell is awful like fish bathing in manure. I shouldn’t have voted for you even. Jacob who is 12 has more leadership in his finger than you have in you body, if I come out alive I’m not voting for you again. Yours sincerely Solace I stormed out the tent with fury. The winds spoke with exhaust. The wind ran through my hair, as I was preparing to battle. I climbed to the top of the hill, feeling the cold-heat running past my face. I waited for the venomous against, but before I went down, I turned around there he was dedrick with a glimmer in his eye.

Reconstruction and African Americans from 1865-1900

Reconstruction and African Americans from 1865-1900 From 1865 to 1900, Reconstruction was meant to help change the lives of African Americas. However, because of prejudice, Reconstruction didn’t go on as far as it could have. Reconstruction tried to deliver its promises to African Americans while battling a discriminatory white America. This is seen socially, through civil rights, and politically, through Jim Crow Laws and voting. Concerning social promises, Reconstruction made astounding changes for African Americans; this is evident in newspapers and the Civil Rights Act of 1875.White Americans were becoming more sympathetic to the needs of African Americans, or at least white reporters were. Newspapers began to print stories and pictures made to draw sympathy to the black man and anger towards the KKK, such as in Harper’s Weekly’s â€Å"One Less Vote† (Doc A, F). The Civil Rights Act of 1875 allowed each citizen equality, no more segregation in hotels, restaurants, public theaters, etc. , but it wasn’t followed by everyone. Business owners were not willing to de-segregate, and the ones who were willing lost white business.White men and women remained biased, making it impossible for African Americans to have equality. White bias didn’t stop the American government from taking political action to protect African Americans. The 14th and 15th Amendments attempted to stop discrimination; the 14th Amendment gave protection of privileges for blacks and the 15th Amendment gave them the right to vote. Because of reforms, African Americans were legally allowed to vote. This brought celebration in African American communities, now they could have political influence. However, mainly in the South, blacks were threatened and even killed for going to vote.Opposing government reforms, such as the Amendments, was the Deep South. The Jim Crow Laws were passed; by segregation, prohibiting people to even talk about equality, and inter -racial marriage, equality was outlawed. Socially there was more acceptance. Politically there was more freedom. Reconstruction did alleviate many of the African Americans’ burdens. Overall, Reconstruction during 1865 to 1900 could have gone much farther. If it were not for the hostility expressed towards the equality of the races, Reconstruction could have quickly given the blacks their freedoms.

WInning or longitivity Essay Example

WInning or longitivity Essay Example WInning or longitivity Essay WInning or longitivity Essay Winning and Longevity A professional baseball team set Its sights on winning the World Series. The team owner wanted to win big and win fast. Consequently, the team sank all of Its resources into trading for the best players in the league. It was able to obtain enough of them that within two seasons the team was the World Series champion. However, the team had committed such a high percentage of its financial resources to players salaries that other important elements of the team began to suffer. Its stadium quickly fell Into such a state of disrepair that fans began to stay home. Training faculties also began to suffer, which caused discontent among the players. The money left over to pay the salaries of coaches wasnt enough to hold onto the good ones, most of whom accepted better offers from other teams. In short, by focusing so intently on the desired end result, this organization neglected other important aspects of building a competitive team. As a result, the teams World Series championship was a short-lived-once-in-a-lifetime victory. The very next season the teams crumbling infrastructure sent it tumbling to the bottom of Its division. Without he people, processes, and environment to turn the situation around, the team was eventually sold at a loss and moved to another city. Discussion Questions Why would a company that is turning out a satisfactory product want to continually examine its processes and the work environment? What happened to the old adage If its not broke, dont fix it? The old adage if its not broke, dont fix it is not applicable for the current competitive world. Even though the company is producing a satisfactory and the best product in the market It Is high-risk for the company to go on with the same product. It Is very important for the company to continuously innovate the current product to exceed the customer expectations and maintain gap between themselves and the rest of the competitors. Here we can take an example of pioneers like Monika and Blackberry how they use to lead the wireless mobile market until Apple and Samsung came into the picture. Their products were absolutely satisfactory but they failed to compete with the current innovations and technology used by their competitors. Added to this quality Is always dynamic and always changes as time passes by and circumstances altered. For an example, there Is radical change in the data storage industry in last decade. If the company restricted their production to floppy discs or Cads they wouldnt have sustained as the technology drastically changed to flash storage and now cloud storage. The competitors who focus on continual improvement might produce a comparable quality. But the competitor who looks beyond Just the quality of the finished product and also focuses on the continual Improvement of the people who produce the product, the processes they use, and the environment they work in will win in the long run. The company should continuously examine its products, processes and the work environment to satisfy the customers or else someone else will. Create a manufacturing, processing, or service sector parallel for this activity. Discuss how this assignment would apply to a company. One of the biggest online bus ticketing companies called to take ten Dustless to ten next level Day utilizing zest technology available and to develop the strong management. Company hired chief operating officers and technology experts from big firms by offering high salaries. Initially company started modestly with a few seats from one bus operator and gradually expanded their horizons to almost all the bus operators country wide. In no time company has become one of the most successful online bus ticket booking agencies. With the fame they gained during initial stages, the best technology used and with the top management resources they hired by offering high salaries the companys growth boosted up instantly but they neglect to look before they leap, moving forward with plans without taking the time to realize that the base assumption of the business plan is wrong. They believe they can predict the future, and invested a lot in acquiring top resources. The company wanted their venture to be all about the technology and management, without taking time to form a balanced plan. Initially the company has not spent a dime on marketing and the growth has been entirely organic, driven by word of mouth boosted by achieving deeper engagement with existing customers. But it is not sufficient to gain the new customers and hold the old customers. The company couldnt spend on marketing and advertising on mass media including TV ads and couldnt offer any deals to the existing customers. The competitors came up with best offers and the marketing strategies and win over the current customers. Due to these circumstances the customer acquisition was slowed down, it has become increasingly harder and more expensive. The company failed to satisfy the existing customers and it has become hard for the company to maintain the top employees. Employees started looking for other sources as they couldnt find any growth in the company. Without the people, processes, and environment to turn the situation around, eventually the company has to shut down for good. Few key factors that affected the company were, emphasis on short-term profits, using only visible data and information in decision -making, and failed to manage the funds effectively.

Getting Beyond the Basics of the Spanish Future Tense

Getting Beyond the Basics of the Spanish Future Tense If you think that the future tense in Spanish is used to talk about events that will happen in the future, youre only partly right. For the Spanish future tense also has two other uses, one of which corresponds to an English usage and one that does not. And if you think that the only way of talking about the future in Spanish is to use the future tense, youd be mistaken. Spanish Future Tense as Emphatic Command If you grew up not liking vegetables, you may remember having a stern parent saying something like You will eat the carrots with a strong emphasis on the will. In such a sentence, the English future tense is being used not merely to say what will happen, but also to insist that it does. The same can be done in Spanish. Depending on the context and intonation, a sentence such as Comers las zanahorias can be either a prediction or a strong command.  ¡Te dormirs a las 10! (You will go to sleep at 10!) ¡Saldrn si causan problems! (You will leave if you cause problems!) ¡Esturiars toda la noche! (You will study all night!) Unlike with English, this type of reference to the future can be made in Spanish only with the simple future tense. Spanish does not use the progressive tenses (such as estars estudiendo for you will be studying) for this purpose. Spanish Future Tense for Indicating Probability More common is to use the future verb forms as a way of expressing something that is probable or supposed. There is no real verb-only equivalent in English; usually we would express such a thought by using probably, likely, I suppose or some similar word or phrase. In question form, the future tense can indicate uncertainty rather than probability. Here are examples of such usages of the Spanish future tense with possible translations: Pablo no est aquà ­. Estar en casa. (Paul isnt here. Hes probably at home.) ¿Quà © hora es? Ser la una. (What time is it? I suppose its 1 oclock.)Han trabajado mucho. Estarn cansados. (Theyve worked hard. They must be tired.)Estoy confudida.  ¿Me amar? (Im confused. I wonder if he loves me.) Keep in mind that the understanding of such sentences, and therefore the translation, will often depend on the context. For example, estar en casa could mean both he/she will be at home or he/she probably is at home, depending on what else is said in the conversation. And of course, the same is true when translating to Spanish. In the third example above, deben estar cansados would not be a correct translation, because they must expresses probability rather than obligation. Ways of Talking About the Future in Spanish There are at least three ways of expressing the future in Spanish without using the future tense. Periphrastic Future The most common way is to use a form of the verb ir (to go), followed by a and an infinitive. Voy a salir. (I am going to leave.)Van a comprar un coche. (They are going to buy a car. ) ¿Vas a estudiar? (Are you going to study?) This use of ir a is so common that it is popularly thought of as the future tense in some areas and mostly replaces the standard future in everyday speech. This way of discussing the future is known as the periphrastic future tense. Using the Indicative Present for Future Actions In some cases, as in English, it is possible to use the present tense to tell of future events. Sale el tren a las ocho. (The train leaves at 8.)La fiesta de pelà ­culas comienza esta noche. (The film festival begins tonight.)Llega Paulina a las siete de la tarde. (Paulina arrives at 7 p.m. tonight.) This type of present-as-future is most common for scheduled events occurring in the near future. Using the Subjunctive Present for Future Actions Finally, Spanish sometimes uses the present subjunctive where we would use the future indicative in English. Dudo que ella vaya, (I doubt she will go.)Espero que haga buen tiempo, (I hope the weather will be good.)Lo siento que salgas, (I am sorry you will leave.) Often when discussing a future event, the subjunctive doesnt express something that definitely will happen, but rather events that might or wont happen. In other cases, the subjunctive will be used in a sentence that focuses on the reaction to a future event, as in the third example above. Key Takeaways The future tense in both Spanish and English can be used for emphatic commands.In Spanish but not English, the future tense is sometimes used to indicate that a verbs action is likely or that the speaker is supposing that it will happen.In both languages, the present indicative tense can be used to say something will happen in the near future.

Older adults with non-English speaking backgrounds in their attempts Research Paper

Older adults with non-English speaking backgrounds in their attempts at accessing and receiving nursing care - Research Paper Example Older adults with non-English speaking backgrounds in their attempts at accessing and receiving nursing care The research conducted will essentially have descriptive elements as it will attempt to try and establish the communication issues affecting the older people population demographic of Australia without any intervention. In descriptive research the researcher needs to only collect the relevant data as they occur without necessarily disrupting the subjects (Creswell 2003). In this particular research data was obtained through the concentrated effort of conducting interviews and focus groups that were targeted at establishing the problems facing the older adults in their efforts at accessing and receiving adequate nursing care. This was done without any undue attempts by the researchers to try and make any attempts at modifying the answers that they managed to gather from the field. In this respect, the data obtained and reflected in this research can thus be highly regarded in the assurance that there were attempts by the researcher to influence any part of this research (Stake 1994). The qualitative approach that has been taken by this paper can be seen to actively facilitate a somewhat more pedantic and considerably exact response from the participants of this survey. This is as a result of this particular designs tendency to draw the attention of the participants to an outlook and perceptions that tend to allow for a more comprehensive study to be carried out. The complexity that is generally seen to be engendered by a more detailed examination would necessitate the need for the researcher to use more highly specialized methods in the collection and subsequent analysis of data (Patton, 1990). The focus of this particular research is focused on the problems facing older people with non English speaking backgrounds and this particular issue can adequately be predominantly investigated via the use of a qualitative research model of approach. This particular research can be judged as not requiring any attempt by the researcher towards establishing of the elucidati on of a more intense and deeper look into the sentiments that are seen to be expressed by the respondents. In light of this, it is plainly clear that the best approach to this particular research is the qualitative model of research. POPULATION AND SAMPLING PLAN THE TARGET POPULATION A target population can broadly be referred to as members of what can be considered to either be a hypothetical or real set of objects, people or events to which persons conducting a research can be seen to wish to generalize their research upon. This particular study was designed to target persons who were aged 50 years with non English speaking backgrounds residing in Australia. The research managed to access about 300 possible respondents who were deemed as being suitable target candidates for this research. Due to various limitations, it was not viable for data to be collected from all the 300 possible candidates and hence a sample size of about 30% was used to conduct the survey. SAMPLING PLAN This particular segment of the research will center on matters pertaining to establishing a sampling design and the subsequent sampling that will occur. Sampling can be broadly defined as the procedure that is to be used in the selection of a respondent or participant from among a given specific population while continually putting into consideration the peculiarities that will be deemed as being atypical to them (Neuman, 2002). It is possible for one to carry out sampling by conducting either the

The Failure of Coca-Cola Blak Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Failure of Coca-Cola Blak - Case Study Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that in the idea of products, the mind of the potential buyer is very important because it determines whether the consumer will buy it or not. The coca cola company chose to use to use iconic glass bottles in packaging this drink and topped it with some plastic cap which is not professional in marketing and promotion of a new product it needs to be packaged well in a way that it is pleasing to the customers from afar. In terms of place, the good was readily available though it could be distributed better by the leading supermarkets in the US. In promotion, this would involve creativity and imagination in order that the information about the product would be where other competitors’ information does not reach, though we find that the internet advertising is slowly replacing the traditional ways of promotion. The coca-cola company did not put this into consideration and no wonder the massive failure. The bottle also comes in a tightly wr apped plastic sleeve that did not allow the customers to see what was packaged inside unless the consumer poured a bit of it in some glass. Also, the drink was more of Dark Brown in color whereas the name suggested more of black in color. The name should give more details of the product. It was billed as carbonated fusion beverage which means that it is a fusion of coke and coffee though this is not mentioned anywhere in the packaging only shown in the ingredients list as almost the last and indicating coffee extracts. When the coca-cola company announced the launch of it in 2006, there was nothing in the search in support of the announcement and there was nothing in their website to support the product. The big brands should always take into consideration that the internet and the websites go a long way in marketing their new products because it helps to capture some buzz usually created by those huge announcements. In pricing, this company had failed because it was relatively expe nsive. Consumers will always choose to buy the cheaper goods in the market if the two goods will add the same value to their lives. In marketing this product, the market research would have been very important in knowing the companies that they would partner with in order to market the new product better. The promotions too were not to standard and the product would have or would do better if the marketing and promotion part did its work very well. The product was also a bit expensive considering that it was a new product on the market. It was also more expensive than what most people expected of the product. Coca-cola Blak is full of artificial sweeteners and so it does not have the gritty, sticky mouthfeel and it is not so much caloric. It gave a toffee scent on opening. It also gives a lightheaded, detached feeling. This drink was certainly unique and tasty. If it is marketed in the best way it would do very well in the market. The packaging of the soft drink should also be chang ed in order that it would be appealing to the consumer. In the business, for the product to have lived on and if it comes back to the market the company should ensure a very good mix of the very right product that the consumers need, the coffee being sold at the very right and convenient price and in the most convenient place and use the best efficient and suitable promotion strategy.

Comparison therapy of Tocilizumab+ MTX vs Riruximab+MTX in treatment Essay

Comparison therapy of Tocilizumab+ MTX vs Riruximab+MTX in treatment of active rhuematoid arthritis - Essay Example rature on two new agents, tocilizumab and rituximab was collected, and the reports examining the safety and efficacy of these two novel agents alone or in combination with methotrexate in the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis were reviewed through a qualitative methodology. Some trials have indicated positive effects of combination of tocilizumab and rituximab with methotrexate. Rituximab successfully causes depletion of B lymphocytes in refractory cases of RA and may be a key component in the interruption of the disease pathogenesis. It is expected that once data from clinical trials are available, tocilizumab will be used with the same goal of increasing symptom-free period and preventing joint destruction. However, based on the results of the literature review, it can be stated that for a long-term therapy of active rheumatoid arthritis, rituximab and methotrexate combination is safer and more efficacious than tocilizumab and methotrexate combination, although more long-term trials are necessary for the later combination. As far as the facts from literature review are concerned, although the efficacy of both these regimens have been established based on standard criteria, and given this scenario, although rough comparison in different parameters of efficacy and safety can be made, a decisive conclusion is not possible without further trial or research. Since there are different parameters of a clinically effective treatment, an identical comparison of both the regimens are needed, with the problem being selection of patients with identical baseline. A comparison is also necessary based on patient’s perception on the symptoms. A future trial involving these criteria may be needed to arrive at a guideline based on these regimens. Figure 6: Percentage of responders according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) improvement criteria and the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) as well as mean change in Modified Health Assessment

Declining Economic and Military Power Essay Example for Free

Declining Economic and Military Power Essay As the United States prepared to enter the twenty-first century, it could reflect upon the fact that the twentieth century was truly the American century, even with its declining economic hegemony and resulting lose of military hegemony. The U. S. entry into World War I tilted the balance against the triple alliance. It was the U. S. forces that played the major part in the defeat of the Axis powers in World War II . It was the U. S.men and material that contained Soviet Communist expansion until it self-destructed. Even though its military power was unrivaled, the United States had to confront the re-emergence of traditional isolationism at home, the creation of shifting coalitions around the world, and most importantly, its declining economic power in the world. In the 1940s and the 1950s, the United States was extraordinarily competitive in the world market . Virtually anything it produced, it could sell. Although partly the aftermath of World War II, which had destroyed most of America’s industrial competitors, this situation also reflected an American monopoly in high-technology industries and American productivity in lower-technology ones. The United States had a handsome surplus in its international balance of trade, and this surplus could in turn finance large-scale expenditures on U. S. military forces to be deployed overseas in the territories of America’s allies, including West Germany, Britain, Italy and Japan. A productive and competitive economy with high employment also provided a healthy base for federal taxation and spending. In such a happy condition, the United States could maintain a vast system of military alliances and spend 10 percent of its GNP on defense. In the slogan of the Eisenhower administration , the former was underwritten by the latter. Then all this started to change with seeming suddenness. Japan appeared to surge forward at incredible speed. Through the 1970s it’s rising indices of industrial production seemed to propel it above the industrial levels of the United Kingdom, the European Community, the Untied States. As the Soviet Union faltered and then collapsed, Japan and subsequently also West Germany increasingly became the symbols of so-called young economies, in which â€Å"organized capitalism† could achieve miracles which old capitalism could no longer deliver. The inventory of China and Japan’s successes was stressed frequently . Its rapid pace of economic growth, its systematic allocation of vast resources to gross fixed capital formation, its obvious progress in high-tech consumer-oriented production, and its impressive penetration of the global markets all received their due. In contrast, the United States was increasingly depicted as an aging, stumbling giant, losing its preeminence and its leading abilities. From the mid 1970s on, a vast literature asserted with much conviction that the United States was â€Å"deindustrializing,† losing the battle of high tech and unduly shifting its labor force toward services while complacently accommodating itself to falling productivity, low rates of saving, low rates of capital formation, failure in export markets, incessant trade deficits, and growing international indebtedness . If we simply add together economic and military power there is little doubt that the United States remains the hegemon. But it is important to recognize that military hegemon is dependent on economic hegemony, because the military is wildly expensive. Declining economic hegemony creates pressure to cut back on military expenditures. This pressure has been temporarily relieved because of the recent economic growth and the new revenues available to the U. S. federal state. However, it is doubtful that this trend of relatively greater economic growth will continue. Indeed, a collapse of the stock bubble could lead to a U. S. economic crisis that would force a major restructuring of its military capabilities and increase the pressure for other core states to take up the slack. Whether this happens quickly or slowly, predictions show that U. S. economic hegemony will continue to decline, and its military hegemony will follow. This will lead to a new period in which economic power and military power come once again to be recalibrated in a system of more equally powerful and competing core states. This current situation is almost similar in most structural respects to that at the end of the nineteenth century. Declining Britain was still advocating free trade, while the other core states and upwardly mobile semi-peripheries were shifting back to economic nationalism and protectionism. By arguing whether or not this happens in the next few years and to what could prevent another cycle of war over world leadership in the last chapter, a new window of vulnerability to warfare among core states will arrive. The institutional structures of global collective security will again be tested. It is in all humanity’s interest that these institutions be strong enough to prevent another war among core states. With the termination of the Soviet Union and the Soviet Empire in the early 1990s, it became clear that there were no large specific military threats facing the United States . As General Colin Powell, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) from 1898 to 1993, noted in early 1992, the real threat we (the United States) now face is the threat of the unknown, the uncertain. Moreover, despite reductions in its defense capabilities from their Cold War levels, the United States was still far superior militarily to any nation or likely combination of nations in the world. The challenge for the United States was to maintain the sufficient order in the international system so that it could pursue its economic interests. At the end of the Cold War, the United States became one of the largest importer and exporter . Its economic well-being was consequently almost totally dependent upon the absence of chaos in the international arena. Since no one nation posed a specific military threat to the United States like the Soviet Union during the Cold War, the Pentagon was compelled to develop illustrative situations or scenarios in which American interests could be sufficiently jeopardized so that military force would have to be used. Before, there were also seven scenarios created in order to illustrate possibilities of a withdrawal of an attack on Iraqi or a battle plan on Baghdad . In early 1992, the Pentagon developed seven more scenarios with regards to the countries that could launch an attack against them. The first scenario is a repeat of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. This scenario assumes that sometime in the mid 1990s, the world’s support for the embargo against Iraq slackens, the regime in Iraq rebuilds its military to 1990 levels, and launches a blitzkrieg attack southward. Unlike August 1990, the Iraqis do not stop at the Saudi border, but move into northeastern Saudi Arabia and take control of its oil fields and major export terminals before the United States and its coalition forces can respond. The second illustrative scenario involves an all-out attack on South Korea by some 300,000 North Koreans. To help the South Korean forces counter this invasion, the United States would deploy five combat divisions to augment South Korea’s 800,000-man army. In addition, this nation would send five aircraft carrier battle groups, two Marine expeditionary forces and 20 land-based air squadrons. This force of about 250,000 Americans and 1 million South Koreans would take about three months to prevail against the forces of Kim II Sung. The third scenario is a combination of the first two. It assumes that the Iraqi and North Korean invasions occur simultaneously and that the United States has to fight a two-front war with over 500,000 people, some 5,000 miles apart. The fourth scenario involves an invasion of the Baltics by an expansionist, authoritarian government in Russia . The Pentagon postulates that 18 Russian and six Belarusian divisions would attack along the Lithuanian-Polish border to â€Å"protect Russian minorities† living in the Baltics. To respond to this situation, the U. S. would deploy seven combat divisions, 49 land-based air squadrons, six aircraft battle groups, and a Marine expeditionary force. Augmented by an additional 11 ground-divisions and 17 tactical fighter squadrons from NATO, Western forces would prevail in three months. The fifth and sixth scenarios involve one-wee invasions of the Philippines and Panama. The invasion of the Philippines by Marine amphibious forces and army paratroopers is made necessary by the chaos that results from a failed coup and endangers some 5,000 Americans in Manila. The Panamanian invasion of airborne and amphibious troops follows from an attempt by rightwing elements close the Panama Canal. The final scenario is based on the possibility that in the next century a resurgent Russia or an emerging superpower adapts an adversarial military strategy and capability to threaten U. S. interests around the world. The U. S. response would be to reconstitute its Cold War military force and its alliance strategy. The first and second scenarios were also the focus of the Clinton Administration’s Bottom-Up Review, published in September 1993. Despite all these scenarios and the decline in both economic and military hegemony, the United States can still be considered to be on top of its league. In addition to this, the end of the Cold War resulted to the shifting of budget due to the cutting or decrease of military budget . Despite the decrease in the economy of the United States and the rapid growth of its competitors such as China, still, the GDP of United States is greater . As such, just like a spring, it can be said that United States is merely pulling itself back in order to spring further beyond the others. References Switzerland (10/07). (October 2007). Retrieved March 9, 2008, from http://www. state. gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3431. htm Bay, A.(July 18, 2007). Iraqi Withdrawal: Seven Scenarios [Electronic Version]. Strategy Page. Retrieved March 9, 2008, from http://www. strategypage. com/on_point/200771813240. aspx Binnendijk, H. , Simon, J. (December 1995). Baltic Security and NATO Enlargment. Retrieved March 9, 2008, from http://www. ndu. edu/inss/Strforum/SF_57/forum57. html Calleo, D. (2005). Hegemony and Decline: Reflections on Recent American Experience. March 9, 2008, from http://www. sens-public. org/spip. php? page=imprimersansid_article=138 Ching, P. -y. (December 9, 2006). American Imperialism and its Domination Over Asia. Retrieved March 9, 2008, from http://www. aprnet. org/ Corn, D. , Perry, M. (April 3, 2003). The Battle Plan for Baghdad? Washington Post. Huntington, S. P. (Winter 1988/89). The U. S. Decline or Renewal? Foreign Affairs. Pianta, M. (1988). New Technologies Across the Atlantic. Retrieved March 9, 2008, from http://www. unu. edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu38ne/uu38ne00. htm#Contents Shaplen, J. T. , Laney, J. (December 2007). The Decline of U. S. Power in Northeast Asia [Electronic Version]. Washingtons Eastern Sunset. Retrieved March 9, 2008, from http://www. foreignaffairs. org/20071101faessay86606/jason-t-shaplen-james-laney/washington-s-eastern-sunset. html Spring, B. (June 2, 1998). House Resolution Tells President: Defend All Americans from Missile Attack. Retrieved March 9, 2008, from http://www. heritage. org/Research/MissileDefense/EM530. cfm Taylor, C. W. (1993). Alternative World Scenarios for a New Order of Nations: DIANE Publishing. Woolley, J. T. , Peters, G. The American Presidency Project. Retrieved March 9, 2008, from http://www. presidency. ucsb. edu/ws/index. php? pid=10120.