A Qualitative Exploration of the Spatial Needs of Homeless Drug Users L

With homelessness levels rapidly increasing in the UK (Fitzpatrick et al., 2012), the necessity for a study analysing the spatial needs of homeless individuals who suffer from drug abuse and are housed in hostels/night shelters was paramount. The task of the critical appraisal is to firstly, summarise the research article A Qualitative Exploration of the Spatial Needs of Homeless Drug Users Living in Hostels and Night Shelters (2013), discuss the methodology presented throughout it and further examine if whether it was appropriate for the topic. Towards the end, the research findings will be discussed and an assessment of whether the article is beneficial for the housing sector or not, will be provided, along with any possible recommendations. The subject matter of the aforementioned journal article is an exploration of a sub-category of homeless individuals, namely drug users homeless. The correlation between homelessness and drug abuse and the vicious impact that each issues has on the other one, is sought throughout the article, reinforcing the need to tackle each one separately in order to reach an effective end result. After defining terms such as homelessness, drug use and night shelters, it continues to present a seven-fold categorisation of spatial needs that seem to not be met entirely by homeless accommodation providers. It argues that, according to Fitzpatrick and LaGory (2000), every individual requires a sense of privacy, safety, personal space and reasonable human interaction in order to maintain a healthy life and follows to provide definitions for the concepts of privacy and personal space. After presenting the layout of the article, it proceeds to discuss the methods applied for its research analysis and i ntrodu... ... Greg Guest, Emily E. Namey, Marilyn L. Mitchell (2013) Collecting Qualitative Data, A Field Manual for Applied Research, Sage Publications Given, L.M. (2008) The Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods. Sage Publications Markle, D. T., Richard E. West & Peter J. Rich, Markle, D. Thomas; West, Richard E. & Rich, Peter J. (2011). Beyond Transcription: Technology, Change, and Refinement of Method [49 paragraphs]. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 12(3), Art. 21, Wholey, J.S., Hatry H.P., Newcomer K.E. (eds.) (2004) Handbook of Practical Program Evaluation , 2nd Edition. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass Patton, M.K (2002) Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods, 3rd Edition. Sage Publications . Maslow, A. H., A theory of human motivation Psychological Review, 50(4), Jul 1943, pp. 370-396. doi: 10.1037/h0054346

Company as a Separate Legal Entity Essay

A legal entity, typically a business, that is defined as detached from another business or individual with respect to accountability. A separate legal entity may be set up in the case of a corporation or a limited liability company, to separate the actions of the entity from those of the individual or other company. Meaning: If a business is a separate legal entity, it means it has some of the same rights in law as a person. It is, for example, able to enter contracts. In New Zealand, a company is a separate legal entity from its owners (shareholders) and can, for example, be sued, and enter into contracts in the name of the company, not the shareholders. Sole traders and partnerships are not separate legal, entities from the owners. Some Business entities like corporation, LLC can exist separately from its owners. In a common language that a corporation is a separate entity of its owners and corporation itself is an entity like human being created through legal or official process. Corporation lives and does its activities at its own existences and is treated in its own capacity. It does the business, it generates the revenue, it can incur losses, it hires the employees and it pays its own taxes. It is a better form of existence for the reason it takes its responsibilities itself, owners are free from their personal liabilities and owners enjoy limited personal liability (risk) only up to their investments in stocks, though there may be certain situations where their personal responsibilities can exceed from limited liability concept. Separate Entity Concept is better choice and it has better features because corporation enjoys separate entity concept, has indefinite life (perpetual). Management and ownership may change but corporation will exist indefinitely at its own existence, unless it is officially dissolved or merged. Corporation has a better scope for large & multiple businesses, expending business, securing debts, attracting investors, retaining professional setup and engaging professional management, promoting & achieving new ideal, expanding its activities at local to global level. Under Separate Entity Concept, Corporation is treated in its own capacity, but it is not a human being, it is an artificial being, therefore, it has to be managed by people in different capacities such as owners, The shareholders were Mr. Salomon,his wife, daughter and four sons. Two of his sons became directors; Mr. Salomon himself was managing director. Mr. Salomon owned 20,001 of the company’s 20,007 shares – the remaining six were shared individually between the other six shareholders. Mr. Salomon sold his business to the new corporation for almost ? 39,000, of which ? 10,000 was a debt to him. He was thus simultaneously the company’s principal shareholder and its principal creditor. Transfer of the business took place on June 1, 1892. The purchase money the company paid to Mr. Salomon for the business was ? 20,000. The company also gave Mr. Salomon ? 10,000 in debentures: that is, Salomon gave the company a ? 10,000 loan, secured by a charge over the assets of the company. The balance paid went to extinguish the business’s debts (? 1,000 of which was cash to Salomon). Soon after Mr. Salomon incorporated his business a series of strikes in the shoe industry led the government, Salomon’s main customer, to split its contracts among more firms. The government wanted to diversify its supply base to avoid the risk of its few suppliers being crippled by strikes. His warehouse, as a consequence, was full of unsold stock. He and his wife lent the company money, and he cancelled his debentures, but the company needed more money, so they sought ? 5,000 from a Mr. Edmund Broderip. Mr. Salomon assigned Broderip his debenture, the loan with ten per cent interest and secured by a floating charge. But Salomon’s business still failed, and he could not keep up with the interest payments. In October 1893, Broderip sued to enforce his security. The company was put into liquidation. Broderip was repaid his ? ,000, and the debenture was reassigned to Salomon, who retained the floating charge over the company JUDGMENT High Court: When the company went into liquidation, the liquidator argued that the debentures used by Mr. Salomon as security for the debt were invalid, on the grounds of fraud. The judge, Vaughan Williams J. accepted this argument, ruling that since Mr. Salomon had created the company solely to transfer his business to it, the company was in reality his agent and he as principal was liable for debts to unsecured creditors. Court Of Appeal: The Court of Appeal also ruled against Mr. Salomon, though on the grounds that Mr. Salomon had abused the privileges of incorporation and limited liability, which the Legislature had intended only to confer on â€Å"independent bona fide shareholders, who had a mind and will of their own and were not mere puppets†. The Lords: The House of Lords unanimously overturned this decision, rejecting the arguments from agency and fraud. They held that there was nothing in the Act about whether the subscribers (i. e. he shareholders) should be independent of the majority shareholder. The company was duly constituted in law and it was not the function of judges to read into the statute limitations they themselves considered expedient. The 1862 Act created limited liability companies as legal persons separate and distinct from the shareholders. Lord Halsbury stated that the statute â€Å"enacts nothing as to the extent or degree of interest which may be held by each of t he seven [shareholders] or as to the proportion of interest or influence possessed by one or the majority over the others. Lord Halsbury remarked that – even if he were to accept the proposition that judges were at liberty to insert words to manifest the intention they wished to impute to the Legislature – he was unable to discover what affirmative proposition the Court of Appeal’s logic suggested. He considered that identifying such an affirmative proposition represented an â€Å"insuperable difficulty† for anyone putting forward the argument propounded by the lord justices of appeal. Lord Herschell noted the potentially â€Å"far reaching† implications of the Court of Appeal’s logic and that in recent years many companies had been set up in which one or more of the seven shareholders were â€Å"disinterested persons† who did not wield any influence over the management of the company. Anyone dealing with such a company was aware of its nature as such, and could by consulting the register of shareholders become aware of the breakdown of share ownership among the shareholders. Lord Macnaghten asked what was wrong with Mr. Salomon taking advantage of the provisions set out in the statute, as he was perfectly legitimately entitled to do. It was not the function of judges to read limitations into a statute on the basis of their own personal view that, if the laws of the land allowed such a thing, they were â€Å"in a most lamentable state†, as Malins V-C had stated in an earlier case in point, In Re Baglan Hall Colliery Co. , which had likewise been overturned by the House of Lords.

How my Father and my Brother Influenced my Life - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1316 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Family Essay Did you like this example? In this paper I explored the lives of two male influences in my life, my dad and my brother. Being that one was born and raised in Brazil and one was born and raised in America, I was interested to learn about their childhood, journey into adulthood, as well as compare their stories to one another. In this interview I will dissect their infancy, their adolescence in reference to relationships, and their adulthood employment and expectations. The Dahlgren-Whitehead rainbow model is a framework for human interaction with the environment, it shows us how people are affected by different institution in their lives such as friends, families, and religious groups. According to Andersen chapter 2, institutions include specific participants who share expectations and act in specific roles with rights and duties attached to them. Jader Junior was born July 28th, 1968 in Maceio Alagoas, Brazil. He is one of ten children. He was born and raised in the country side with both his parents and his siblings, 5 girls and 4 boys. Jader’s institutions are exceptionally impacted by Brazilian culture. Culture is a major influence on the organization of social relations, it defines what is appropriate and expected behavior for men and women in society. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How my Father and my Brother Influenced my Life" essay for you Create order Anderson chapter 6, talks about how families often develop kin networks that work as systems of social and economic exchange. Hispanic clans have a major reliance on extended kin such as grandparents. This was the case in Jader Juniors life, both set of grandparents played a crucial role in his upbringing as a child. Andersen also said the family ideal is an ideology; a belief system suggesting that all people should live in nuclear families, that women should have husbands to support them, and that motherhood is women’s major role. Family roles are diverse and often change throughout time, but men and women often experience families in different ways. For Jader Jr., when asked about his roles/responsibilities as a child around the house he said nothing, and neither did his brothers. However, his five sisters needed to help his mother with chorus around the house, such as cooking, cleaning, and laundry. His father was the financial provider of the house, his mother was a hous e wife/mom who took care of the home and all who lived there, and the children’s responsibility was to go to school and be good students. This is an example of â€Å"separation of spheres†, where women were in charge of the private sphere, home life, and men were in charge of the public sphere, work life. During Jader Jr’s adolescence, dating systems became centered around hooking up. Andersen chapter 4 refers to â€Å"hooking up† as sexual behaviors that includes no ongoing commitment to the other person. In the â€Å"Is hooking up bad for young women† reading, the text talked about how hooking up hasn’t replaced committed relationships however, gave dating a new name. In the text, hooking up means† kissing; for others, it means sexual-genital play but not intercourse; and for still others, it means sexual intercourse† (Andersen ch 4). Between the ages of 18-23 Jader Jr took part in this hookup culture. However, it confirms it did not replace serious relationships because at 23 years old, when he met Alessandra, their relationship was defined as serious in hopes of marriage. Both Jader Jr and Alessandra were of the same class system and worked the same job at the mall. This is an example of what the text refers to in chapter 4 as sociological dimension; â€Å"all forms of relationships are situated within relationships of power, social institutional structures, and systems of inequality based on the intersections of race, gender, and class.† In adulthood there was a major shift in events that affected Jader Jr’s life, he moved to The United States of America. The reason for the move was a search for better employment opportunity and better education systems for his newborn child. According to Jader Jr, it was very difficult moving to a new country he didn’t speak the language without any family support. However, he says his expectations were met. He was able to find employment in construction, which was challenging and labor intensive. He would work very early to very late hours. However, it provided him with enough to provide for his family and establish a foundation in this new country. Through gender socialization, different behaviors and attitudes are encouraged and discouraged in men and women. According to the New York Times: Work Culture’s Toll on Families and Gender Equality, men are expected to be devoted to their work â€Å"men are required by the culture to be these superheroes, to fulfi ll this devotion and single -minded commitment to work.† Jader Neto was born March 2nd, 2004 in Miami Beach, FL. He is one of two children, but the first born US citizen. He was raised in the suburbs/city with both his parents and his sister. Unlike Jader Junior, Jader Neto did not have any extended family in America, like grandparents, while growing up. Some institutions that influence Jader Neto’s life are his family members, school friends, and the music industry (he is a musician). However, he is also impacted by Brazilian culture since his parents raise him as such. Anderson chapter 2 states â€Å"gender expectations in a culture are routinely expressed subtly in social interaction†. When Jader Neto was asked about his role/responsibilities around the house as a child, like Jader Jr, he claimed to not have any, except go to school and get good grades. His childhood upbringing can be explained though the social construct of gender; which refers to the many different processes by which the expectations associated with bein g a boy/man or girl/woman are passed on through society. Currently in Jader Neto’s adolescence, when asked about the dating system his response was â€Å"Dating means going out on dates, such as dinner and movies, with someone you like. You date in order to get to know someone better to see how suited you both are for marriage†. Although he is not yet dating, he sees marriage as the function for dating. When asked how he would select the right person to date he claimed to look for similar interest and physical attraction. â€Å"Hooking up and dating are two sides of a coin† reading states â€Å"sexual attraction was reported most often as the reason for both hookups and dates†. Jader Neto also shared that socio-economic standing would not influence his attraction for a mate however, if he was dating someone of a higher standing than him he would act more appropriate around them. Although Jader Neto is not yet of age, we spoke about his expectations for adulthood. When it comes to future responsibilities Jader Neto believes he will assume all financial responsibility over the family as well as help be a part of his children’s upbringing, by playing with them and teaching them musical instruments. As far as keeping the balance between home and work life, Jader Neto said he would not let work come between the family, â€Å"If a job required me to move away for a long period I would turn them down†. In conclusion, I was able to see how culture is a major influence on institutions that shape an individual’s life. I also noticed a major lack of growth regarding the social construct of gender in Brazilian culture. Both Jader Jr and Jader Neto had similar childhood experiences, neither had responsibilities in the house. Both had parents who reinforced the importance of an education however, never instilled a sense of domestic responsibility. Both interviewees also claimed financial responsibility over the family and established breadwinner roles. It could be that Hispanic culture till this day still instills and passes on stigmas from the patriarchy. Overall, it appears that cultural expectations associated with gender heavily impact the experiences of an individual in society.

Mgmt591 Project Proposal - 1336 Words

How can Perceptions and Attributions Of Certain Roles in the Organization Be Controlled Within Organizational Change? Christine Freese 4020 Derby Drive, Cumming, GA 30040 cfreese@ariba.com 770-402-6287 MGMT591- Leadership and Organizational Behavior Joseph Walkowicz September 29, 2013 * Introduction a) The organization discussed in this research paper is Ariba, Inc (an SAP Company). Ariba is a software and information technology services company located in Sunnyvale, California. It was acquired by German software maker SAP AG in 2012. Ariba provides Spend Management solutions which help companies analyze, understand, and manage their corporate spending to achieve cost savings and business process efficiency.†¦show more content†¦Culture is resistant to change because many of the cultural control mechanism become internalized in the minds of organizational members, that is, what makes culture such strong control mechanism. Changing culture often means that members have to change their entire social identify. Sometimes the statuses of various roles or identities change causing even more resistance on the part of high status role holders. g) Schermerhorn, John R.. Organizational Behavior, 12th Edition. John Wiley amp; Sons, 11/2011. Chapter 4 iii) What is perception and why is it important? (11) Individuals use the perception process to select, organize, interpret, and retrieve information from the world around them. (12) Perception acts as a filter through which all communication passes as it travels from one person to the next. iv) What are the common perceptual distortions? (1) Halo effects (2) Selective perception (3) Projection (4) Contrast. ii) What is the link between perception, attribution, and social learning? (1) Attribution theory (2) Three factors that influence the attribution of external or internal causation are distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency. (3) Fundamental attribution

Are They Safe For The Environment And Human Consumption

Are they safe for the environment and human consumption? A genetically modified crop is a plant whose D.N.A has been altered through genetic en-gineering methods in order to introduce a new trait to a plant species not already in the plants original building block. (GMO) is bad for the environment and puts human health at risk. Introduction Due to climate change and overpopulation foods have been introduce into the global marketplace that has been genetically modified by altering the plants original D.N.A to make the plant more drought resistance, pest resistance or give it added nutritional benefits. This action creates food for human consumption that in is bad for the environment and puts human health at risk. Some familiar genetically modified foods that we consume daily have been in use for years they are corn, soybean, and potatoes. As researchers look for ways to continue the world’s food supply in the United States and around the world due to population growth, and unpredictable weather patterns, researcher are hoping genetically modified foods will be the solu-tion to the demands of food shortages now and generations to come. Two of the main organism used in genetic modification is Escherichia Coli and Agrobacterium Tumefaciens (Nigel, 2011, p. 26), these bacterium have been known to infect a wounded plants in nature and cause the disease known as Crown Gall produces an unusual sugars, and amino acid derivative that are known as opines (Nigel, 2011, p. 27). TheShow MoreRelatedGmos Are Not Safe For Human Consumption1433 Words   |  6 Pagesto the topic of weather genetic modifications are safe or unsafe for animals, the environment and for human consumption, some of us will readily agree that they are in fact very dangerous for everyone. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of how exactly they affect everyone. Whereas some are convinced that GMOs are not safe for any one, others maintain that they are not a hazard to anyone. I agree that GMOs are not safe because while doing my research I found concrete evidenceRead MoreGmos Are Not Safe For Human Consumption1555 Words   |  7 Pagesto the topic of whether genetic modification are safe or unsafe for the animals, the environment and for human consumption, some of us will readily agree that they are in fact very dangerous for everyone. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of how exactly they affect everyone. Whereas some are convinced that GMOs are not safe for anyone, others maintain that they are not a hazard to anyone. I agree that GMOs are not safe because while doing my research I found concreteRead MoreGmos Should Be Avoided?1183 Words   |   5 Pages(GM) food in the human body. There are more inner problems that a person can encounter by eating GM food. However, it does not end there. GM food can also cause problems for the environment. GM crops are a threat to birds, herbicides, insects, and even to water. GM food can be harmful to the human body and to the environment. Therefore, the U.S. should limit its use, and find some solutions. Today, America is facing a severe matter regarding the consumption of GM food. The human body is at a highRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1224 Words   |  5 Pagesthat GMOs are harmful and wholeheartedly supports their consumption; however, contrary to Lynas’ beliefs, genetically modified organisms have caused an increase in agrichemicals and are potentially dangerous for human consumption. First, there is much evidence to support that GMOs are harmful to the environment because they cause an increase of agrichemicals farmers spray on their crops. In regards to the effect of GMOs on the environment, Lynas said â€Å"†¦it turns out that there have actually beenRead MoreEssay Is Your Food Safe?1385 Words   |  6 Pagesstandards require companies to list everything that goes into the package and ensure the ingredients are safe for human consumption. However, what if food producers were unaware ingredients of their food products were not intended for human consumption? How can food producers be assured they are producing a safe product? How can consumers really know what food they are consuming contains and if it is safe? Although, American consumers may prefer not to consume genetically modified (GM) foods, theRead MoreShould Humans Consume Insects As An Alternate Source Of Food? Essay1623 Words   |  7 PagesShould Humans Consume Insects as an Alternate Source of Food? Intro Cultivating animals and crops takes countless amount of hours and use an abundance of resources; furthermore, it produces waste that can be harmful to the environment. The human population is increasing at an ever increasing rate and scientists all over the world are trying to solve a global issue. It is estimated by the UN that the population will hit 9.7 billion by 2050; undoubtedly, these inefficient and wasteful processes willRead MoreWater And Its Effects On Human Activities1358 Words   |  6 Pagessustains environment and gives support to the livelihood. It is good to note that availability of fresh water plays a big role in improving the quality of human life and overall progress of mankind in various spheres of life that are significantly dependent on it. In addition, water promotes equality between nations and also between the rich and poor within the same country. Access to fresh water improves human behaviour which also involves various ways on which we adopt to the en vironment. WaterRead MoreAmerican Consumption And Its Effects On The Environment1730 Words   |  7 Pagesthe environment. The depletion of resources and supposedly safe methods of recycling or burying waste are not working. Many engineers and the US EPA acknowledge that the landfills will leak eventually and pollute groundwater (Sheehan). Eliminating forests and other sources are leaving a very fragile eco system. The more humans contribute to global warming; the more natural disasters will be seen. American consumption and lack of reducing and reusing every item not only affects the environment negativelyRead MoreSkills For A World s Arid Areas And Their Feasibility1521 Words   |  7 PagesKaplan ID: 47513 Module Code: FC5022 Module Title: Skills for Study 2 1.0 INTRODUCTION Life on the earth is largely shaped by the availability and access to clean and safe water. Indeed, water is an essential component in the industrial, agricultural, transport, among other economic and social sectors. However, a research done by UNICEF(2012) states that â€Å"Over 780 million people are still without access to improved sources of drinking water and 2.5 billion lack improved sanitation.â€Å" The majorityRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos )1236 Words   |  5 Pagespresence of GM foods in the market, consumers are beginning to ask more questions about the health effects of these foods. Proponents of GMOs assert that foods produced from GMOs are as safe as the non-modified counterparts. After reviewing the evidence, however, I strongly suspect that the consumption of GM foods puts consumers at risk. To start off, the safety of GM foods has become more questionable over time, as an increasing number of studies associate the ingestion of such food with various

Usefulness Of Different Sociological Approaches To Suicide Free Essays

Durkheim wrote in the 1890s and was one of the first sociologists right at the forefront of establishing and defining sociology as a scientific discipline. Durkheim argued that it was not only possible to apply scientific principles to social phenomena but that it was essential to do so in order to produce useful sociology. His 1897 book suicide: a study in sociology uses his scientific methods to explore suicide. We will write a custom essay sample on Usefulness Of Different Sociological Approaches To Suicide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Durkheim chooses suicide deliberately, because as the most individual, private and psychologically driven act it was considered by most not to be a social phenomenon. If sociology could identify social factors and causes of suicide, this would demonstrate the power and impact of society on individual behaviour. So in Durkheim’s view he believes our behaviour is caused by social facts and they are said to be external from the individual, constrain individuals and be greater than the individuals. After Durkheim’s analysis of official statistics on suicide it revealed some social groups are more likely to commit suicide than others. For Durkheim, the social patterns of suicide he discovered is not a random individual act but as stated by Luke’s social factors play a key role. Durkheim’s work showed a correlation between suicide and social facts like suicide rates were higher in predominantly protestant countries than in catholic ones, Jews were the religious group with the lowest suicide rate, married people were less likely to commit suicide and those with higher education had a higher suicide rate. Durkheim said different forms of suicide related to how much integration and regulation there was in society and this would provide us with a fourfold typology. The term social integration means socialisation into the norms, values and lifestyles of social groups and society. Regulation meaning the control that society and social groups has over an individual’s behaviour. With these two factors Durkheim brings upon egoistic suicide not enough integration. The individual isn’t successfully integrated into groups or society, anomic not enough regulation society has insufficient control over individuals, altruistic too much integration an over integrated individual sacrifices their life for the group and fatalistic too much regulation the individual is too highly controlled by society. Durkheim’s work can also be applied into type of society. As Durkheim states modern societies and traditional society differ from one and other in their levels of integration and regulation. Durkheim discovers that modern industrial societies have lower levels of integration due to lack of freedom this weakens bonds and give rise to egoistic suicide. Whilst, traditional pre-industrial societies have higher levels of integration as the group is more important than the individual and this gives rise to altruistic suicide. Durkheim has been criticised by other positivist sociologist. Halbwachs largely supported Durkheim’s conclusion but pointed out that the impact of rural versus urban lifestyles on suicide rates hadn’t been considered. Also, Gibbs and Martin argued that Durkheim hadn’t used vigorous enough scientific methods even though he’d stressed how important they were. The key concepts of integration and regulation weren’t defined closely enough to be measured statistically. Gibbs and Martin query how anyone can know how anyone can know what â€Å"normal† levels of integration and regulation are. Interpretivist sociologists have devised alternative theories of suicide they say social reality is not a series of social facts for sociologists to discover, but a series of different meanings and interpretations that each person brings to and takes from each situation. Durkheim’s work is fatally flawed from this perspective because he relies on the unquestioning use of official statistics. According to interpretivists, statistics are not fact they are a social construction based on the definition of the people who compile them. Douglas takes an Interactionist approach to suicide and he is interested in the meaning that suicide has for the deceased, and the way that coroners label death as suicides. He criticises Durkheim’s study of suicide on two main grounds. One of them being the use of suicide statistics because the decision to classify death as a suicide is taken by a coroner and this may produce bias in verdicts reached. So Douglas feels these are the patterns Durkheim found and that well integrated have friends and relatives who may deny death and this explains their low level of suicide. So Durkheim indicates that suicide verdicts and statistics are based on interactions and negotiations between those involved like friends, doctors and police as they may affect death being labelled as a suicide, rather than it actually being one. That’s why people feel integration plays no dividends. Douglas second point criticises Durkheim for ignoring the meanings of the act for those who kill themselves and for assuming that suicide has a fixed or constant meaning. Douglas backs this up as he notes the cultural differences by Japanese samurai warrior who kill themselves because they have been dishonoured by western society. Douglas also states that we need to categorise suicides according to their social meanings because the triggers and response to suicide are different in different cultures. These social meanings consist of transformation of the soul, transformation of the self, achieving sympathy and achieving revenge. Douglas can be criticised, as he is inconsistent, sometimes suggesting that official statistics are merely the product of coroner’s opinions. At other times, he claims we really can discover the cause of suicide-yet how can we, if we can never know whether a death was a suicide and all we have is coroners opinions? Douglas also produces a classification of suicide based on the supposed meanings for the actors. However, there is no reason to believe that sociologists are any better than coroners at interpreting dead person’s meanings. How to cite Usefulness Of Different Sociological Approaches To Suicide, Papers

Similarity Difference Corporate University â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Similarity Difference Corporate University? Answer: Introduction ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), it is a process through which an organization could be moved towards the automated process. In the modern world, every business enterprise irrespective of its size have adopted the technique of Enterprise Resource Planning to develop the transparency in the organizational process as well as it will also help the organization in achievement of the organizational goals and the objectives. Under this process, a set of advanced software is included such as an internal communication process, advanced accounting software for recording the financial transactions adequately as well as to get the error-free results. Generally, this process is practiced in the administration department of the organization and it also helps the management to resolve the various big concerns. Employees details could also be gathered from this procedure and it will be the only system for the organization as it will be a mixture of unique software on the basis of unique needs of organization. Under this report, system of enterprise resource planning will be discussed in order to analyse the requirement of the process and to attain that requirement with the help of the enterprise resource planning in the workplace. In the multinational corporations, this process is quite useful as well as essential also. In a multinational organization, for instance, Apple INC. thousands of employees are working over there. In order to record the data of each and every employee, this process is very crucial in order to attain the objectives of the organization as well as to determine the requirements of the business. Apart from this, in Apple INC. numbers of operations are performed at a time and along with the number of operations, suppliers details, buyers details, etc. will also be recorded under this process only. The main aim of maintaining and launching this process in the workplace is to maintain the whole data of the organization at one place safe and secure. Business Process Business process of every organization varies and being in the same industry, organizations adopt unique business process in order to make the take the competitive advantage. Apple Inc. is a multinational organization and involved in manufacturing of consumer electronic goods. Their famous products are iPhone, iPod, iPad, etc. Hence, this organizations business process is very huge and to manage all the functionalities, Enterprise Resource Planning will be a great resource for making the process of Apple INC. smoother and effective (Leon, 2014). The major functionalities of the business process of Apple INC. are: Research Development process to make the existing products more effective and efficient. Designing of the products in order to meet the customers expectations. Purchase department thee perform their duties in order to gather all those things which will be required while developing the customer-oriented products (Seo, 2013) Apart from these things, functionalities of the promotion and the advertisement department start. These are the most crucial segment of the business process of Apple INC. because it enhances the demand for the new product which is about to launch in the market (Shaul Tauber, 2013). Apart from these functionalities, there are numerous activities are involved in the backstage of the operations. To record all these activities in one process, Enterprise Resource Planning is being adopted in the workplace in order to ease the work as well as to achieve adequate objectives. Access to this process will be provided by the requirement of the organization. For instance, production manager wants to record the data in relation to the recent purchases then he will be able to see all the sections which are related to the production team and the same goes for each and every department of the organization. The major access i.e. access to the whole system will be with the CEO of the organization only and on the mutual consent, this access can also be shared with anyone. Regulations on the access are imposed to maintain the confidentiality of the resources, information and the key aspects of the organization. Apart from this, there are numerous types of information's available with the organization i.e. suppliers' details, clients' details, etc. and this information could easily be misused . In order to prevent this confidential information from the external as well as with the internal stakeholders, restrictions on the over access to the system are imposed (Tarhini, Ammar Tarhini, 2015). All the functionalities of the operations will be recorded in the single system only and it will help the organization to enhance their performance in order to reduce the complications in the work procedures as well as to keep the organizations information safe and secure. With the help of ERP system, organization could also meet the requirements which are crucial from the perceptive of the expansion of the business in the global market. In addition to this, organization will be able to achieve the success and the growth objective easily. Most of the functionalities of the organization will be performed with the help of enterprise resource planning system hence; chances of errors in recording, auditing, and in other functionalities of the organization reduces. Thus, implication and the execution of the enterprise resource planning system will be effective for the organization and it will help the management of the organization to execute the functionalities with comfort and ease (Hoc h Dulebohn, 2013). Business Requirements in relation with ERP system Evaluation of the business requirements in relation to the need of enterprise resource planning in the workplace to make the functionalities of the organization effective and efficient, it has been observed that various multinational organizations have adopted this system already. Enterprise Resource Planning system is very helpful in achievement of goals for the business in terms of various aspects as well as it also increases the chances of the organization in terms of expansion of the organization in the international market. With the help of the implementation of enterprise resource planning system in the workplace, achievement of targets set up by the management becomes quite easy task. Enterprise Resource Planning is the major requirement for every organization in terms of expansion of the business as well as to build the market image in the global marketing. Apart from this, it is also useful in the procedure of attaining the competitive advantage. This system also helps the o rganization in various ways such as it describes unique ways to save cost of the production. This ultimately increases the demand of the product because decrease in the prices of the commodities will be recorded with the decrease in the cost of the production. Apart from this efficiency as well as the profitability of the organization also increases and this builds the effective way for the organization in terms of developing the adequate way to reaching the desired destination (Hunton, McEwen Wier, 2015). Furthermore, while evaluating the effectiveness of the process followed by the Apple INC. Before implementing the enterprise planning resource system in their workplace, it was observed that all the functionalities were managed adequately and for every department, a center head was appointed who was held responsible for the performance of the particular department. This procedure was time consuming as well as in the scenarios of critical issues, organizational procedure was not able to resolve those issues. Due to these issues and to maintain the adequate performance in the competitive business environment, organization adopted the technique of Enterprise Resource Planning system. This resolves various types of issues such as it enhance the effectiveness of the internal communication system as well as it also fills the gaps between the relationship of employer and employees (Seethamraju, 2015). ERP's requirements in relation to business Implementation of enterprise resource planning system in the workplace is not an easy task; it requires various efforts, as well as there, are number of requirements mentioned under enterprise resource planning system which needs to be fulfilled before implementing it into the workplace (Yeh Xu, 2013). Following are some of the organizational aspects which need to be matched with ERP systems requirements: Financial Accounting: This is the major requirement of enterprise resource planning system because this is the only procedure which requires being practiced on the daily basis and at the end of the year, this process requires huge efforts. Through enterprise planning resource system, this vast process could be converted into easy and smooth process which does not requires big efforts as well as it also helps organization to save their time at the end of the year while closing the accounts as, through this software, financial statements could be obtained automatically with accurate information. Under this software, organizations various requirements are fulfilled such as preparation of payroll, payments to the daily wage employees, etc. in adequate time and with effective results (Tasevska, Damij Damij, 2014). Material Management: With the implementation of the enterprise resource planning system, material management also becomes an easy task for the organization. This is big and again a vast task which requires various employees efforts and knowledge in relation with resolving the issues such as accurate recording of the available inventory, recording of purchased materials and the same procedure goes for the supplies and the sale of the products. To perform this process in an adequate manner, a certain number of employees is required but while performing the same procedure with the help of enterprise resource planning, it becomes an easy as well as effective task for the organisation. With enterprise resource planning system, bar codes are pasted on each and every product and it is scanned before coming or going out of the premises of the organization. And with the automated process, accurate results in relation to the management of the inventory are obtained (Chofreh, et. al., 2014). Production management: While reviewing the scenario of Apple INC. it has been observed that organization requires an adequate procedure through which appropriate quantity of products could be manufactured as per the market demand. Enterprise planning resource system involves various steps which are crucial from the perception of the organization and these steps also help the organization in relevance with analysing the organizational requirements as well as in fulfilling the same. In terms of Apple INC. numbers of materials are purchased from various parts of the globe and some are manufactured too. Hence, enterprise resource planning will help the Apple INC. to make the production management quite easier in relevance with the previous system followed by them (Shen, Chen Wang, 2016). Customer Service Management: This is the part of the organizational process which has the enough capacity to increase the demand of the products manufactured by organization as well as it could also decrease the demand of the same. The better, the customer service will be, the more its demand will be. Hence; enterprise resource planning helps the organization to evaluate the gaps in the customer service management and rectifies them with the view to provide adequate services to the customers (Ha Ahn, 2014). Selection of Vendor and Software Selection process of the adequate software and the vendor from which software needs to be purchased is quite difficult. In relevance with this and to make this process easy and simple, organization develops its requirements and on the basis of those requirements, adequate set of software are implemented in the workplace to obtain effective results. The management needs to adopt the safest software because, after its implementation, most of the tasks will be performed by the system only hence; employees will work only as the maintaining the system as well as to fulfil the requirements of the clients. Inferior quality or the unsafe software may develop various issues such as leakage of clients confidential information, leakage of confidential information of the organization, secret formula to manufacture unique products, etc. Hence, qualitative and safe software adaptation will be a good decision in relevance with maintaining the market image in the global market (Kermani Rouhani, 201 4). For selecting the adequate software considering the organizational requirements, selection of the vendor should be done on the same requirements because the more reputed vendor will be, trust over their software can be easily built up (Kurbel, 2016). Significance of ERP in enhancing the efficiency Enterprise resource planning is the system through which organization could enhance its performance and the ability to achieve the growth could also be enhanced adequately with the implementation of this system. Taking Apple Inc.s example, it has been observed that they are involved in the manufacturing of consumer electronic goods which are basically produced to ease the consumers efforts. But there are certain processes available in the market through which organization could also ease their functionalities and those processes are known as Enterprise Resource Planning (Nah Tan, 2015). Under this process, software is adopted as per the organizational requirements in order to attain the objectives of the organization. Following are some of the benefits available with the use of enterprise resource planning in Apple Inc.: Maintenance of the inventory as well as the staff will be doable in more adequate manner because due to huge number of inventories as well as the huge number of staff members, manual recording is quite difficult (Costa, et. al., 2016). Implementation of the enterprise resource planning system in the Apple Inc.s workplace helps them to determine the payroll of the employees as per the number present days of each employee. As this process is digitalised hence; it will be calculated in an adequate manner (Nofal Yusof, 2013). Apart from this, financial and the accounting functionalities of the organization will also be manageable in an effective manner. Manual recording and formation of the financial statements may lead to development of errors but financial statements developed with the help of ERP system will be more effective, adequate and error-free. Level of efficiency with the implementation of ERP system Level of efficiency achieved by the implementation of the enterprise resource planning system could be determined with the help of comparing the effectiveness, growth rate and the profitability with the period in which enterprise resource planning system was not adopted. A level up in the efficiency will only be considered when the minimum rate of the overall profits will be raised with at least 25%. Till the time, organization will not be able to achieve 25% more profits after implementing the enterprise resource planning system in the organizational workplace, a level up in the efficiency of the organization cannot be considered (Sarno, et. al., 2015). After implementation of the enterprise resource planning system, organizations strength becomes double. This is because those tasks performed by the employees manually are now performed by the machines and with accurate results with no chance of error. Chances of error are more in manually performed tasks. Implementation of enterprise resource planning system helps the organization in achievement of the organizational objectives in an adequate manner. Apart from this, organization is able to develop stronger image in the global market with the adaptation of the Enterprise Resource Planning system (Altamony, et. al., 2016). Potential Risks with the implementation of ERP There are numerous risk factors are available through which organization is not able to adopt the policy of ERP implementation. The first and the foremost risk factors involved in the implementation of the Enterprise Resource Planning is the customization of the ERP system because it is adaptation software. Various organizations follow the rule of developing the Enterprise Resource Planning as per their requirements rather adopting the latest system available in the market with the view to gain the competitive advantage. But due to adaptation of the customized enterprise resource planning system, vendor may not serve the organization with the after sale services and this could result disastrous situation for the organization because resolving the concerns in relation to the enterprise resource planning system cannot be performed by organizational members. Hence, it may lead to the loss situation (Aslan, Stevenson Hendry, 2015). Another important risk factor involved in the implementation of the enterprise resource planning system is adaptation of wrong vendor or wrong software. Adaptation of inadequate vendor and software will lead to the leakage of the confidential and the secret information in relation with the organizational clients and other important members. Theft of data is also a big concern for the organization because adaptation of inferior quality enterprise resource planning system may lead to this situation and this situation could affect the business performance in the negative manner (Cao, Nicolaou Bhattacharya, 2013). Measures to mitigate the risks Control measures should be adopted on the basis of risk factors involved in the enterprise resource planning system. As ERP system is a digitalised system consists of certain software as per the requirements of the organization. The basic control measure adopted by every organization who has adopted the system of enterprise resource planning is security software through which data of the organization could be stored in safe and secured manner. Apart from the security measures, there is number of issues available in digitalization of the tasks. There are several procedures through which risks impact could be controlled as well as reduced. Ignorance of risk, acceptance of risk and the transfer of risk are the three measures through which risks impact over the organizations performance could be reduced as well as it could also be neglected (Garg Garg, 2013). The first stage of dealing with risk measure is ignorance of risk and under this, risk is ignored till the time it does not affects the performance of the organization. For instance, In Apple INC.s production area, one worker goes on strike due to non-fulfilment of the demands. Hence, organization will be able to ignore this type of risk because absence of one worker will not create impact over the performance of the organization (Eden, Sedera Tan, 2014). Acceptance of risk is the second stage and in this stage, organization needs to be accepting the risk factors to avoid the great impact over the performance of the organization. If whole worker union will go on strike then this situation will impact the organizations performance hence; organization needs to settle down these issues as soon as possible. Apart from the above stages, transfer of risk is the third stage in which organization needs to transfer the risk to the third person for making payment in relevance with the loss in curred due to risk factors. For instance, insurance company pays the claim against the loss incurred due to fire, theft, etc. in the organization. The same control measure is being adopted by the Apple INC. in relation to control the impact of the risk over the performance of the organization (Zeng Skibniewski, 2013). Conclusion From the aforesaid analysis, it has been concluded that the enterprise resource planning is the advanced technology which is adopted in the workplace with the view to enhance the business performance. Under this report, various types of business requirements have been discussed in relation with the enterprise resource planning system with the objective to increase the efficiency of the organization. Apart from this, Enterprise resource plannings requirements have also been discussed in relation to the different type of business because requirements of all businesses vary from each other. To implement the most adequate enterprise resource planning system in the workplace, selection of the adequate vendor and the combination of the software will be done on the basis of the organizational requirements. Apart from these factors, significance of the enterprise resource planning system and the level of the efficiency achieved with the help of implementation of the ERP system have also been discussed under the report. 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